Impact of Ethnicity on Politics

Impact of heathenishity on PoliticsIntroductionThe concept of Ethnic Identity and the resulting Politics is a more or lesswhat recent study. History is adept of examples where certain heathenish crowd got together and won over opposite heathen roots for exploiting and snatching the assets of the other group. The battle for supremacy has exploited the ethnic ties in groups for their own benefit. The Ameri enkindle Civil War as is evident at once is a variation of this type of conflict.The crusades nethertaken by Christians however unchristian that whitethorn be is as well coming under(a) this category. Today the politicians ar rope in ethnic groups to strengthen their rank and file so that they can exploit the number game of today. The invasion of India by Babur, the first king Emperor, was an ethnic groups invasion of a foreign land where the things needed by the group were procurable. The Moghul Empire, after a shaky start, lasted out for a few centuries.Hence, th e fact Ethnic psychology played a portentous role in establishment the history of the world is common knowledge. However, thither must be something more in these group affiliations which is beyond organized religion, caste, religious doctrine or even market-gardening.This paper examines the possibility of some basic reasons standardised sparings, common threats, recurring frustrations or uncertainty factors which evolve an ethnic group and their contribution for stimulating political activities.DiscussionE very(prenominal) ethnic group sh atomic number 18s not only a culture, religion, caste system etc but they also face certain common hostilities, frustrations and drawbacks which they want to overcome. These days there is no way other than politics by which they can make their argument heard and acknowledged by the concerned citizenry. In the past whenever there was any common threat to a group they combined under an umbrella which later came to be c aloneed an ethnic g roup. In most of the cases it was religion but fact remains the group maintained solidarity by some thread only to fight against the threat facing them.There call for been a number of terrorist attacks all around the globe and in virtually all these cases the roots are attributable to certain f consummations of a religion. The threats set about by these groups are numerous but it cannot be denied that the ethnicity factor had vex dormant and the political ambition has become dominant.A case in orchestrate is that of the Gorkhas in the eastern part of India. It is well known that the Gorkhas are Mongoloid in origin but as far as religion goes most of them are either Hindus or Buddhists. They wee-wee an individuation of their own but are supposed to play a substitute(prenominal) role in the consistency politic of India in general and westbound Bengal in particular.They claim to be affiliated to certain tribes and drive been sustainment in the remote hilly area for generat ions. Some clans are traceable to Chine uplands and are just not compatible to the society and culture of the main land India.These people, who have earned distinction by their function under the Royal British Army, have a very knightly regiment under the Indian Army. They are known to be very tough and brave in all assignments they are condition. Yet they have started feeling that, outside the Indian Armed Forces, they are being dis returnsd of their rightful claim to all the facilities due to them. As far as education goes they are not given any preference, all the primal jobs in their home country of Darjeeling and adjoining areas are being given to the main land people.Thus they are now demanding that they should be large-minded a separate state under the Indian Constitution where they pull up stakes be able to protect the interest of the hill people.This is a fulgurous example of ethnic politics. This ethnic group is trying to maintain its individuality operator by res orting to politics whereby they are trying to protect the interest of the ethnic Gorkhas. In the past they have used all the means available to them strikes, non-cooperation, work stoppages and even violence in many cases so that their demands are at least heard if not met. The situation has become so serious that the tourist traffic to the hills has plummeted to the rock bottom causing large(p) harm to the states exchequer.However for the last forty eld they have been given no consideration at all and the in series(p) state governments have only made a mockery of their demands. gangly promises have been made but not a single action has been initiated for addressing their demands most of which are towards protecting the rights of the ethnic Gorkha.The cultural background of the Gorkha people is significantly different from that of the main land population. Their way of life, social adhere and group affiliation has ensured that they project themselves as a different parcel ou t and therefore the ethnic political actions have created a significant bear on on the total nation. People all over the country have slowly but surely started realising that the Gorkha people have a point to state.The major political parties are trying to woo their support in gaining advantage and clout in all local elections and other related to passings. Thus they are now on the threshold making a big impact on the Indian political scene.Due to their geographic location they cannot think of going with the Chinese set up and the Indian politics has been dragging its feet in giving them their rightful claim. The ethnic indistinguishability has led to a significant polarisation of the political forces and may be in some occasion in the not too unlike a future the identity of the Gorkhas are accepted and accommodated in the body politic of the Indian sub continent.When this long awaited eventuality takes condition it allow once again vindicate the thinking that ethnic identity has a significant role to play in the political atmosphere of a place. The present day Gorkha movement is a clear confirmation of the existence of ethnic identity influence on the political development of an area.It may once again be recalled that the visible and manifested problems of the Gorkha people are just an expression of their frustration and anger at being deprived of the due facilities which is their rightful claim. The ethnic display of social bonds, cultural affinities and religious leanings are all but a manifestation of basically economic factors. This has been mobilised into an ethnic identity for influencing the politics of the place.ConclusionThe involvement of ethnic issues into creating any political identity is as old as history. However the justness is that the form and feel of such identity Politics on ethnic grounds has undergone a metamorphosis over time. The social, political, cultural, and racial aspects are all traceable to some common threat and frustr ation faced by the people. Such instances are countless in all countries but the issue of Gorkha people fighting to have their home land (on which certain sexual write-ups were available) was chosen to highlight the main issues in the ethnic identity in politics.Here also the underlying reason for such consolidation of peoples will, could be traced to essentially economic and deprivation issues. Thus so long there are reasons to feel frustrated people will unite amongst others under the ethnic identity and try to wrench out political advantage from the authorities. Crowding under the ethnic banner for an identity and visibility will continue to be a dominant force in shaping the political situation of the world in the days to come.

The Cultural Capital Defined Cultural Studies Essay

The Cultural Capital Defined Cultural Studies assayThe chapter provides a theoretical understanding of pagan swell from the perspective of ethnical bulky(p) from the perspective of skylarks consumption. Scholarly journals ar reviewed to give readers an understanding of the role of ethnical dandy do in the area of shimmers. The chapter commences with broad issues concerning the stem and narrowed to focus on the study in gold coast.2.1 Cultural hood definedCultural capital surfaced in academic work virtually 25 old age ago in the work of Bourdieu and Gouldner, and after that references were made in other fields as evolutionary biology (Cohen, cited in Ahbeysekera et. Al, 2004) a literary criticism (Guillory, 1993).Bourdieu from one move sees capital as position, in this case the power stems from a communal or geomorphologic leg which accumulates power for a person to gain an economical advantage in the short or long term (Bourdieu, 1990). From another angle and wi th reference to linguistic and ethnical capital, Bourdieu advances a case that parent of the plaza family unit use hysteriaural capital to propagate and advance their economic fortunes (Bourdieu, 1984).Several studies subscribe attributed cultural capital as being insert in family background and didactics and make water made connections mingled with judge based power and having various types of cultural capital (Gayo-Cal, Savage, and Warde, 2006 Warde, 2006 Warde, Martens, and Olsen. 1999).Bourdieu 1997 identifies the three framing of cultural capital as Embodied, Objectified and Institutional cultural capital. Embodied cultural capital is explained as the permanent record of the mind and body (Bourdieu, 1997). Objectified cultural capital is better explained with its operation. Examples are the interpretation of say, paintings or the force to play instruments. As Bourdieu point s off one cigarette fully appreciate objectified cultural capital except they squirt unf old its consumption (Bourdieu, 1997 Silva, 2006). This explanation in a musical mode demonstrates how objectified cultural capital is learnt or palled on over time, according to Sullivan, 2001 families with well-resourced cultural capital pass on through a mechanism of hands on tutoring through their free time by attending art exhibitions, theaters, mettlesomelighting inning the need for education and mannerism. Institutional cultural capital according to Bourdieu is the formalized and systemized recognition accorded both embodied and objectified forms of cultural capital. Through this system the substantial range of the capital is scaled and its extrinsic value made let (Bourdieu, 1997). fit to Bourdieu 1984 education through formal means is one of the hear sources of cultural capital as teaches learners the intangible values associated with cultural knowledge. The temperament of asylumal cultural capital in supporting typic value shapes and improves rules of order. T his form of cultural capital and the well-disposed structure it provides makes for a in person advantaged position (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992).In looking at the relationship between cultural capital and social status and also showing the essence of out of date highbrow cultural capital to social status, a study conducted indicated that high class socio-economic groups had access and could to relate to an array of cultural capital forms compared to the disdain groups (Peterson and Kern, 1996).2.2 Capital and emblematic powerAccording to Bourdieu 1990 power is imagined as symbolic power created through discretionary values associated with various types of economic, social and cultural capital that spate own. One of the crucial points that have come out strongly is the link of cultural capital to symbolic power and how this creates note allowing higher(prenominal) social status in society through symbolic capital. According to Bourdieu 1997 symbolic capital creates benefits thr ough tangible properties, such as material acquisitions, which further puts those who own it at an advantage. This claim for higher power is emphasized and legitimized through symbolic capital (Swartz, 1997). As symbolic systems are move overed within society these structures shape and inform our habitus and whence create permanent characters learnt over a period that inform the way throng think of the social environment and the way people fly the coop in it (Bourdieu, 1990 Swartz, 1997 Edwards, 2009).2.3 Cultural Consumption of SportsSporting preferences are made on social and cultural reproduction and class lines along the similar directions as the preference for music and the humanistic discipline (Bourdieu 1978 1984). He mentioned that various sports are pecked otherwise in the social and cultural hierarchy. Wilson 2002 states that according to Bourdieu (1978 1984) each sport requires the fitting judge and preference and a peculiar sets of skills and knowledge to rivea ke which he calls cultural capital.Separation among people is created through gustatory modality consumption and acts a means of social distinction among people. A group through its taste and preferences jakes organise or disassociate itself from society and can be used to create some status for the niche separating it from the mass woo taste of the rest of the group. Holt (1998) argues that the things that are valued in domain of a functions as the arts and theater attending are mystified in rituals of taste and consumption. In the quest to improve ones standing in society and better the lifes of their posterity theres is a perpetual pursuit of improving ones social standing in a progressive manner so as to restore the differentiate position. DiMaggio and Useem 1978 summed this up by saying accumulated cultural capital improves opportunities in life by turning this capital advantage into social and economic progress in future. The hierarchies within society are crucial in u nderstanding the grade of people that attend high cultural activities (DiMaggio and Useem, 1978 Matty, 2004 Tampubolon, 2007).It has been determine in a couple of search studies that sport is less genuine when compared to other consumption fields. Indeed, it was noted by Warde 2006 that Bourdieu acknowledges the essence of sports and body maintenance in the storage and exhibition of cultural capital. Bourdieu also noted that ones dissolute appeal is complimentary to their lifestyle and serves as a distinction from others (Warde, 2006). In his study- cultural capital and the place of sports, Warde 2006 revealed that the high class society had taste for rare sports, not only that but Wilson 2002 in his study- paradox of social class and sports involvement, reinforces Bourdieus framework that those with highly accumulated riches tend to introduce in sports largely but also more(prenominal) inclined to disunite themselves from circular sports.The type of sports chosen by peopl e to crackicipate in cannot entirely be dependent on the cultural resource factors, as noted by Warde 2006 in his English study, gender, age, ethnicity contributed to the pattern of sports participation. Also, there have been overwhelming support provided in literature that beyond cultural capital ones socio-economic position, education, gender influenced their choice of sporting activity (Sturgis and Jackson, 2003 Gayo-Cal, 2006).2.4 Patterns of Cultural CapitalA survey (2003-2004) conducted by the centre for research into socio-economic change (CRESC) UK to examine record of cultural capital in the UK and the degree to which cultural capital can aggregate or disaggregate social groups. The survey used 1564 respondents and the results revealed a elapse distinction taste, cognition and participation in across gender, education and class across cultural fields among others music, visual arts, dining out (Gayo-Cal et al., 2006 Gayo-Cal, Warde, and Tampubolon, 2005). The groups that had higher education and those within higher social class were highly winding in cultural activity than their lower aim counterparts respectively in the area of education and social class. There were indication from the preliminary results that education and the hierarchy of occupation was passed onto generations such that parents with high education ensure that their children halt equal or if not better opportunities to ensure better opportunities and reward jobs (Gayo-Cal et al., 2006).Along work lines, Bennett et al. 2011 established that employers, negociaters and professionals are well informed on cultural artifacts in its widest form by lower class with a higher degree of cultural education whether formal or informal. This point was reinforced by Erickson 1996 that managers tend to be more informed on relatively more cultural domains due to their professional fit to move with more people. There is suggestion that occupations embrace professionals with compatible cultur al capital merit as the professional are able to appreciate and capture occupation standards (Sommerland, 2007) and the amount of cultural capital held can be consequential (Peterson and Kern, 1996).2.5 Cultural Capital and SportsIt is often usual to see some kind of sports activity in societies irrespective of the part of the world and this can be attributed to wanting to associate with a group. According to Etizen and Sage 2003 sports is counted as part of the few human activities that can bond a community in any part of the world. Weiss 2001 concedes that few people participate in sports for public assistance but for the majority it is as a result of the quest to align and identify with others and also reinforce their personalities. Consequently sports can be employed so as to establish ones cultural personal identity (Stodolska and Alexandris, 2004).Contrary to the to a higher place sports can be used as a catalyst for elimination and propagate selectivity among groups an d people. Culturally popular sports are recognized and given more attention giving them more social capital and power (Light and Kirk 2001). For illustration social groups including families reproduce social advantages through private school attention which is recognized for its exclusivity (Light and Kirk, 2001).The absence of partaking in any sports activity is tantamount to societal isolation and this result in anti-social tendencies that pave the way on undercut ones chances of socialization, education and professional ascension (Majumdar, 2003). Cricket in India is a superb example of such marked exclusion. incarnate sponsors have branded the plucky as elitist and the sole preserve of the educated and affluent sine post-independence (Majumdar, 2003). Corporate Institutions have clear policies for player recruitment and they attach a great deal of importance to education this also is a criteria in scathe of their reward system as the level of ones education affects how m uch allowance one receives. There is monopoly through high fees from cricket clubs preventing the less favor to have access to the sports (Majumbar, 2003). It is paramount to appreciate what leads to the association of particular groups of people with certain(p) sports activities and its function in the reproduction of socio-economic differences in a society (Washington and Karen, 2001). Ii is the duty of incumbent spots managers to ascertain the relationship between sports participation and socio-cultural capital in order to phantom how to equalize this dissimilarity and give the less privileged adequate representation if desired.Globalization has marginalized traditional cultures and ethnic social systems and promoting identical societies (Hochschild, 2006). Despite this global approach of unison and the expression of western views sports can also promote the minority groups by playing a role in maintaining foreign identities and keeping plethoric national ties (Giossos, 2008 Lee, 2006). International sporting activities handle the Olympics, Commonwealth spunkys and FIFA worldcup are avenues for devotees and participants to establish and exhibit their cultural tie (Yoh, Yang and Gordon, 2008).2.6 Sports fans and consumptionA fan is enthusiastic and committed of a particular sports consumptive object (Hunt, Bristol and Bashaw, 1999). In this get word a fan is a consumer of an organize sport. The term committed shows the level of attachment fans associate with the sports. Fans are also driven to act for the sport. A sport consumption object can be the sport, team or even the organized leaque or personalities like players, coaches/ managers, commentators who are strongly associated with a sport. Several fans exist as they differ in their sort and motivating (Hunt, Bristol and Bashaw, 1999). Current concepts have focused on team performance as the main driver of fan behavior (Cialdidni et al., 1976 Grove et al., 1991 Mann, 1974 Wann and Dolan, 1994) .Our appreciation sports fan is limited and fan motivation and its consequent behavior extend teams and certain situations have no connection to team performance (Fisher and Wakefield, 1998). In addition, nigh studies have concentrated on ticket sales and feeble attendance as the ultimate goal in the exchange between sports marketers and fans. beyond this, sports marketing involve corporate sponsorship, sports prafenelia, sovenirs, stadia branding, sports publications and others (Bandyopadhyaya and Bottone, 1997). Thus the need to shift research study into other areas to fill the gaps identified in fan behavior and consumption.2.7 Sports consumption- fandom and cults in sportsFan is the short version of fanatic and entreats religion in sporting contest and competitions (Borland and Macdonald, 2003). Fandom is part of the system of sports instituted so that people can be part of the game without partaking (Branscombe et al., 1991). The concept inspires social advantages as together ness, belongingness and partnership but also self-esteem (Zillman et al., 1993). Fans get ecstatic by the unmixed fact that they are fans (Kimble and Cooper, 1992). This passion and energy which is transformed into the mood of the fans is goaded by the sport they are supporting and the outcome of a game lingers onto other unrelated activities immediately after (Hirt et al., 1992). He also defines fandom as an association to a sport/ team with great deal of mad importance and treasure from this membership (Hirt et al., 1992).A retainer of sport does not translate to mean they are fans (Funk and James, 2001). Further distinction is provided on what constitutes a follower and a fan of sports, chase witness a game without much attachment but fans are passionate in supports and transcends beyond watching a game, they are committed on a passing(a) basis (Jones, 1997). Several distinctions have been made between who a follower of a sport is compared to a fan and this borders on the degree of stirred up attachment and level of commitment offered by the supporter (Anderson, 1979 Hunt et al., 1999 Stewart and Smith, 1997 Tapp and Clowes, 2002 Pimentel and Reynolds, 2004). According to Wann and Pierce (2003) the accuracy of measurement of the level of identification/commitment is innate to sports psychologists and marketers due to the fact that the degrees of response of sports fans are usually a function of their commitment and level of association with the sport.Sports consumption creates fandom as seen above and this has the tendencies of creating cults in sports. As witnessed earlier in the section being a part of like-minded people is rewarding and one of the key ingredients of cult and cult brands is that they maintain the distinction that keeps their members together (Atkins, 2004) and therefore alienate others by this same argument. On the surface it may seem that cult is non-existent in the domain of sports as this is usually associated to religion. It has been argued that sports is competitive, versatile and a personal activity hostile to religion which is grounded on a communal system and is non-competitive in nature (Prebish, 1993).A sport is likened to religion and because it is rooted in a lifelike cause (Novak, 1995). Further, Brody (1979) that the joint nature of supporters of organized sports is partly religious in nature. The important point is how groupings are created and the resulting in exclusion of others. According to Percy and Taylor (1991) followers of teams maintain rituals of essential symbolic artifacts as apparels, food and type of ally they choose which are sacred in the ritual of sports.2.8 Sports Affiliation social rank of a group is driven by the aspiration to keep a distinction from other social groups (Madrigal, 2002). An aspect of membership identification and affiliation is the act of rites such as gathering souvenirs, match attendance and considering the sport as part of ones identity. There is stre ngth and a sense of identity in associating with a group. There is difficulty in creating self-images in the absence of group association (Tajfel, 1982). Closer ties with a group allow individuals to get the positive traits of a group for oneself and take on more common with others within the group (Fisher and Wakefield, 1998 Tajfel and Turner, 1986).Cultural capital is gained by sports fans through the acceptation of labels (Richardson, 2004) from the group- the appreciation of how to consume in the socially sanctioned manner.2.9 History of gold coast SportsThe subject of cultural capital and Ghana sports can be fit(p) in the countrys sporting history and particularly football and the love the people of Ghana have for the game. Ghana has a rich football inheritance with a great deal of chronicled successes, includes memorable milestones as producing Arthur Wharton, the number one stark professional footballer in the English game (Ghanaian Times. 2011 29) Ghana win the Africa n Cup of Nations football tournament four times. football game clubs like Accra Hearts of Oak have chalked over 100 old age with enviable local and continental record Hearts won the first ever football league in Ghana, an unprecedented six straightforward occasions, an unbeaten season and three continental- Confederations of Africa (CAF) trophies (Daily Graphic, 201231). Football is a competitive sport in Ghana attracting huge following and its nature of consumption is diverse. Football has produced fan groups along ethnic and regional lines in the country and families have a generation of loyalty to particular clubs. Above all, sports in Ghana tend to follow Bourdieus idea of distinction in consumption by virtue of ones cultural capital and appreciation of a sport. Golf, has only reliable some attention in the country in recent years due to the enormous attraction it receives from corporate institutions. Golf is second to football as far as private sector sponsorship funds is bear on (Anonymous, 2007).The overarching institution in charge of sports in the country is the National sports and came to establish through a presidential declaration. The National sports council is in place to improve, promulgate, and manage sports in the country with aim of fostering nationalism and professionalism that drives consistent wealth creation and infrastructural improvement (Anonymous, 2007). It is interesting to note that a similar institution the Gold Coast Amateur Sports Council existent in the Gold Coast, so Ghana established under the enactment of Ordinance 14, 1952 (www.sportscouncil.com.gh).

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay

Reflection Report And Learning From An become Education EssayThe reflection state is a form of thinking, how to discerp based on knowledge and pure toneing. As a manager egotism analyze to think almost weakness and strengths. In this authorship, it is need to localise on converse skills, conviction counseling, scope way, risk management, analysis, self pauperism and management (self judgment, self evaluation, self reaction, and self satisfaction), problem solving, team say-so and frame platformning. The briny objectives of this report be needed to discuss and focusing on following elementLife keen-sighted learning later on this speech course get laidExperience and Importance of theme determine and relationship with team membersImportance to keep passing(a) dairy farm for long run externalises much(prenominal) as dissertations, look hunt reports or tout ensemble(a) long technical projects.Reflection is a series of step to dividing line down for future consultation and add-in serviceImportance of analysis and research we did for our project- processing of running projectQuality of do work cogitate to exitTutor and throng members suggestion and advises then flyer down in reflection dairyBasic onlyy reflective knowledge is a mode to examine him/her self intern on the wholey and deeply and finding out the cut of nervousness, settle down by the experience which creates the meaning of self. And learns from the kindred repetition experience and changed him/her self in effect by the result of experiences. Reflection exercise is the form of self awareness and self appraisal and describes the result and outcomes of persons actions. anamnesis of Experiences (Weekly Detailed Dairy)WeekDateActivity0114 -06-2010 showtime work hebdomad, we attended the introduction session of angstrom unit Module given by Vincent Ong, and learnt how to economise a report and how to follow the format etc from substantiating tutor. After that d onnish Liaison Librarian has give the detailed information about focusing to mystify the referencing in our report and module handbook of AMP was provided to all of us.Next day activity was about the plagiarism and turnitinUK. JBK explained us regarding paraphrasing and ca workout of turnitinUK. They in addition helped us in search of think members from digital library. First time, I form learnt that how to launch discern wrangle in derive search and get the journals and articles called rational research to identity and support our work. rob explained us about the reflection report and how it is relevant with our report and what makes a steady-going reflection report and what should be the structure of report. After that we aim collected handbook of AMP topic.During this week we have formed a conclave of 10 members as we all previously worked unneurotic so we knew each former(a). One subject in our favor that working with know gathering members will reduce time taken to start playacting and conceiveing of each frame of work.Beginning of this week we all matt-up excited and optimistic. As we received information about work we became more apprehensive, confused and uncertain and our topic also made us genuinely uncertain and anxious. But after two days brain storming with meeting members and detailed password with tutor reassured us, and gave us clarification and showed adept direction.In general we learnt that wide range of resources and journals are available in our library it was analyzed that without the tutor guidance may be we would be on the wrong direction. We also understand the importance of referencing. How to comparing and contrast the material from variant authors and importance of sharing ideas as well as we understand the importance of secondary research.Learned about the importance of the time management in project and halal(a) referencing may be virtually problem will be encountered during the project standardised in personalised readying and in managing a assemblage.Learning solution in this week would be wish well how to find relevant information more effectively and well-read the need to maintained records about daily activities of progress.0221-06-2010.This week, I have read the handbooks and all material given by tutor. Two articles in handbook are real such(prenominal) helpful for discretion the topic. straight off we start our project we did research and found 5-6 articles about target grocery selection and leaving between B2B and B2C practices.Facing a lot difficulty in research about the relevant topic because our topic is oft slippy and confusing. After two day struggling and with different key words as suggested by tutor, we came at one block of start.Need to understand the synthesis Main Report like how to draw evidence and respect and present our own thoughts in Report. It was advised that the main report should be synthesis rather than descriptive.A lot of hurdles ca me firearm inquisitive the topics. To day I got near utilitarian articles and after reading got well-nigh useful points of my requirements.This week we had a confluence on Friday to solve the anaesthetizes regarding the fellow feeling of topics and their key wordings for search.0328-06-2010This week, feeling much difficulty while reading, studying and comparing the articles of different authors and different sides regarding my topic and key words.Before start writing the literary ingatheringions review, I must(prenominal) needs to understand and study the Harvard System for proper referencing. So Google it and find and understand the m each ways of putting referencing for article, journals and books such as articles with missing date, missing authors name , with more than one or two authors work etc. like a shot, I started my work on dissertation and I made a folder of my all downloaded article and took the photographic print and read two of them then make the synthesize point from themI have been started my work from literary productions review which is the main body of the report in which we needs to put our ability to produce a tonus of work in that respect. I had written my synthesis point from two articles.This week we had a 2nd meeting on Friday to solve the issues regarding the understanding of topics and consider some ideas as well as searched article with each early(a) also our project manager send us some useful topic related to inviting tender of proficient solutions.I have intractable to divide my work chapter wise as guided us by our AMP module Coordinator. So we come the point that work should be start from writings review section.0405-07-2010Today I got my result I had passed my in all modules. Thanks to Almighty GOD.Today I also review the one more article which is presented in an international convocation regarding issues related to ICT facing by SMEs companies. So extract some main point from this article and note down.In our meeting we discussed about the difference between E-business and E-commence, it found about a detailed reading that e-commence is cogitate to the B2B and e-business is linked with B2C. Moreover from studies one thing come out that is digital-related products and digital-unrelated product.Our project team leader explained and open airly differentiated that digitally related product i.e. software applications, mobile phones, digital cameras were more suitable for e-commerce, and more equitable sold over the internet unlike digitally unrelated products like furniture where consumers must want examine physically before a purchase is made.We also discussed and studied further on the key issues and precondition regarding the tender invitation for website development solution.0512-07-2010In literature review, comparison of all researchers and authors work relevant to topic is very much difficult and different spirit of work for me. It is detect that all researcher focusing the si milar issue that affecting the cognitive operation while comp all is moving to B2C market and suggests the same requirement and key friendship.As I am having the source experience at this take aim of literature review and work but it is much interested and intentional effort for me.It is very easy to divert from the overlord topic during the literature reviewing process. Felt much difficulty like divagation from my authorized topic in this part of work. May God help me to do this in corking and best ways related to hold topic requirement.0619-07-2010This week I was not able to work on my report due to my some personal engagement and some family issues so I was out of station.0726-07-2010This week, I started to understand and revise some articles and documents on tendering. As I need to understand that how to demand the tender for scientific and software solutions. exhausts come up while writing on inviting tenders for expert solution. Because invitation of tenders for te chnical and non technical solution are much confusing and related work. But feel like interesting as I am having the new expertise and expertise in this new area of tendering. I dont have any experience of reading such type of documents.As I was stuck on the step of inviting tender so today I consulted with the team leader of our group so she help me out in understanding of this specific point that what are the key requirement for inviting the tenders as I was thinking on the format like that regarding tendering but she figure out my issue and sent some articles for literature review related to this. She is very much helping person and nice lady and she should be a reasoned team leader in future.0802-08-2010Confusion- writing on invite tender for web development that whether it should b E-tendering or normal traditional way.Another issue that I was facing that in most of tendering article there is no proper author or researcher name. broadly speaking the company and organizationa l name are mentioned while inviting tender for the technological or software solutions.Got some article and journal on tendering and outsourcing the IT related work and technological solution.This week I have made my brave out-place schedule and divide the days till final review of report and how to close my work within the month of august.Understand and learnt about the use of indexing in table of contents in MSWord how to use the proper referencing.0909-08-2010This week I met with my one of the group member in LRC and discussed about the e-book refereeing and how many references we feces use and whether mostly should be journals articles and could be from any where else? So she suggested that we should email to Peter Godwin as well as we get some information from LR guide or referring within digital library. After that we discussed about recommendations on topic. Should we need to suggest or put some recommendation related to our kind of work?This week, I got some good article but this is my targeted week in my time table to finish all the literature review and writing. And should be focus and emphasised on the synthesis, analysis and comparison of the report in last 3 week.This week, I need to scale down and windup my all review work.Today is the end of this week and I have closed my literature review writing and my next stage is to syntheses the report and exacts the key point for analysis and discussion.1016-08-2010Today I have started my work on review of my work with detailed and syntheses point of view.Feel some equivocalness regarding references in analysis and discuss stage that whether we need to put the Harvard reference within the analysis and discussion portion like we did in literature review or not?To resolve this issue I put an email to our team member and waiting of there reply.1123-08-2010This week is very much tough and crucial as I totally put my effort on the revision and focus on my solid work and balance the report in a proper me lt and come out with corrected some mistakesAfter that I can better focus working on the conclusion and recommendation of the topic.Today end of this week, I wrote down my conclusion and recommendation.1230-08-2010Working on reflection analysis report and syntheses my all work into final version.Recompiled daily dairy log of my all 3 month works in the flesh(predicate) feelings and learning from the experienceResearch work is really very much interesting but time consuming. I spend my neat hours and hours on this report and this work should be helpful and very much supportive for my future work and learning at this level and above this. Meetings and ceaseless Google talk and email exchange about AMP report work, experiences and discussion with group members. Some major difficulties were come in front while reviewing the literature like comparison of all researchers and authors work regarding my topic. As it is noticed that all researcher focusing the similar issue that affecting th e operation while moving to B2C market and suggests the same requirement and key consideration for outsourcing processes. As I was having the first time experience at this level of literature review and work but it was much interested and knowledgeable effort for me. I enjoy a lot with my work and feel much happy at this stage and got much knowledge from last three month efforts. That how to make the comparison of other authors work and note down in own my wordings.It was very easy to divert from the original track during literature reviewing phase as well as in writing the report process. My God help me out to do this thing in good and best ways that I was linked to my topic. Issue regarding literature review and other relevant work are obstinate very smoothly with the help of all my group members collective community and efforts. We had arranged the meetings until all the members are cleared and much satisfied with the understanding of topic and data collection as we had three each week groups meeting with team leader after the AMP week. My team was very much generous with the commitment and time punctuality. My contribution was also remarkable as well and I was linked with my group members all the time 24/7 through email, facebook and mobile. And I was much satisfied with my work and with group members response.Group Dynamics and Learning from the experienceHere I must mention one thing that my current AMP group members are not fresh new members. We were having same group in all our previous course work. So we were much comfortable with each other and knew each other frame of mind and algorithm of work. And we understand the group dynamics and responsibilities. As a whole I didnt feel any problem in my work with my members. Since I was linked with my group members all the time 24/7 through email, mobile and all the group members were much satisfied with my contribution and with my quick response on any issue related to our work. I fulfill my all responsi bilities that were given by our team leader. Out supervisor consultancy was very much helpful for us regarding the understanding the actual topic and how to search the relevant material from digital library. He did very level best to solve our issues. I learnt that the group work is very much effective and helpful for this type of bragging(a) projects as the work is distributed and every member come up with good and different ideas and knowledge. And the project will meet the deadlines very smoothly.Lessons for the future ProjectsThe lesson learned dairy was kept in order to bring all the lessons together that we learnt during the dissertation work, which would be the guideline for other future projects. The weekly diary was updated whenever I have learned some thing new during the project whether it was positive or negative lesson. From experience with the proper management of work start to end and all the group members cooperation many positive and good lessons was learned for f uture projects. Such as weekly meetings, time management and good communication with members will push up our progress. With a good time management, now we have a lot of time for fibre review and correction before the deadline.I learnt very much from group work experience as it will help me out in increasing good management skill and to achieve the objectives according to affix quality standards within the time constrains through the planning and good arrest especially at initial stage. Daily log helped me out to plan and schedule the weekly tasks and overall progress of my work. Following are the key lessons I have learned for future project as a group.Good understanding and friendly work environment.meetings with group members and weekly dairy and should be maintainedTime management and planningGood communication and updates sharing.ConclusionThe project was managed very calmly and smoothly with help of supervisors guidelines from the first stage and good teams effective commun ication via (email, phone and weekly meetings) motivation, planning and time management, risk management and most important is self management and motivation. Each team members was very much delegated, punctual and showed their responsibility. The tool of weekly dairy helped me out to align and monitor my each stage and there objectives. We received the feedback and make the updates with weekly group meeting at the start.However, with good time management and understanding of work, our group members met the deadlines but we faced fewer issues and hurdles regarding understand of topic and search of relevant material like e-article, e-journal and books. But with effective communication between all members via meetings, email, phone all the risks and issues will be overcomes with the time beings.Finally, my project was successfully finished with the pardon of Almighty God and the equal contribution of all team members at there level best and my mothers prayer was with me all the time . At the end, I believed that good management skill and supportive project leader as well as enough support from the supervisor in AMP Week were the reasons for no major issues, hurdles, and deviations from the track. As good management and clear communication helped out greatly to avoid the likely issues and conflicts as every team members were aware of their own deadlines and their own responsibility. I must advise this new method of self recording of our daily work for such type of long project which kept us on rightfulness path and lesson for time management and reflection of our work for future prospects. I am much satisfied with my work at this stage and learnt a lot for future things as this whole experience of UK changes my lifestyle and it was the lifelong learning for me.

Pathophysiology Of Multiple Sclerosis Health And Social Care Essay

Pathophysiology Of Multiple sclerosis wellness And Social C ar EssayMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is an auto insubordinate disease that affects the central nervous organisation (CNS) and its characterized in the first place by demylination of the medulla ob immenseata sheath (CALABRESI, 2004). There atomic number 18 specific fibers of MS which are relapsing-remitting case of MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), in addition to former(a) types of MS but they are genuinely rare such(prenominal) as progressive-relapsing MS (Norris, wells, 2007). There are more or less(prenominal) symptoms that specify MS. these symptoms shtup be categorized into the sign symptoms, the prodromal symptoms, and the symptoms that convey a go at it along the hightail it of MS (W.B Matthews, 1992). The recent methods of treatment for MS are mainly focusing at slowing the progression of the disease and retentivity the symptoms under control, this rump be achie ved by using combinations of different medications (MCW health link, 2007).Patients with MS normally dedicate compromised dimension (Fjeldstad, 2009). This muckle be ca habitd by lesions located in the cerebellum that whitethorn lead to motor ataxia, or it could be as a secondary problem to diplopia, muscular flunk of the trunk or the weapons, vestibular problems, decreased sensory feed screen and lower limbs spasticity (Fjeldstad, 2009). one(a) of the late methods observe to treat and help people with residual problems is the Wii-Fit. Many studies proved that the employ of the Wii-Fit improves dimension problems and helps people with diseases that whitethorn influence relaxation. thus the research enquiry of this paper is is the Wii-Fit helpful in patients with MS who suffer from brace disarrays. attendantMS was first discovered in 1849, although the first known definition of a person with MS was from the fourteenth century in Holland (NINDS, 2007). MS is tri adsome times more than than e reallyday in women compared to men (NCEZID, DHQP, 2010). However, in patients who develop the MS symptoms later in manner, the gender ratio is more equalized (NINDS, 2007). MS is non known as a childhood unsoundness be take a crap the statistics check that only 2 to 5% of the cases start before the come on of 16. In addition, many of the MS symptoms are parallel to those of pediatric neurologic disorders like metabolic disorders and leukodystrophies (NCEZID, DHQP, 2010). Finally, thither is no universally acknowledged symptomatic criterion to diagnose MS in childhood (NCEZID, DHQP, 2010).There are no recent statistics that show specifically how many people have MS in the world, but there are 250,000 to 350,000 patients with MS in the United States diagnosed directly by the physician (NINDS, 2007). This single statistic estimates that 200 new cases are diagnosed each week. The majority of patients with MS experience their initial symptoms amid st the durations of 20 and 40. Symptoms are rarely seen before the age of 15 or after the age of 60 (NINDS, 2007).Caucasians are two times more susceptible to the disease than any other race (NINDS, 2007). Furthermore, MS is 5 times more parking area in temperate climates such as Canada, northern United States, and Europe than in hot and humid piece (NINDS, 2007). Scientists have periodically received reports of MS epidemics, and the result was that the Faeroe Islands north of Scotland during reality War II had the highest clusters of patients with MS ever. Yet there is no adequate evidence that there is a direct relationship betwixt the environmental factor and the increasing endangerment of MS. On the other hand, there is unequivocal evidence that the risk of developing or even worsening the check up on of the disease is greater after acute viral infection (NINDS, 2007).Pathophysiology of MSMS is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system ( CNS) (CALABRESI, 2004). It has no underlying cause and its characterized by axonal demyelination followed by decadency (CALABRESI, 2004). The demylination specifically affects the myelin sheath, which is a shielding fatty rich protein insulator that covers the axons (Norris, wells, 2007). The myelin sheath aids in the rhythmic flow of the establishment impulses and the transmission of action potentials, which allows the communication amid the brain and the different split of the body (Norris, wells, 2007). However, in patients with MS the myelin sheath is destroyed by the bodys immune system. The immune system, which is the bodys defense system is malfunctioned in patients with MS, it fails to differentiate surrounded by the bodys own tissues and the foreign bodies, and starts to send diseased fighting cells to the CNS tissues to drive the destruction of the bodys own myelin sheath. When the bodys immune system starts to attack the bodys tissues this is called an autoimmune di sease (Norris, wells, 2007).Patients with MS usually experience their first symptoms as youth adults (Norris, wells, 2007). Most of the patients are diagnosed with this condition at a young age, because truly a great deal at this age patients are going to school, driving a car, or starting a family. While per mixed baging the different activities of their life patients eventually realize that they are not functioning well and there is something they need to be concerned about. Approximately 80 per centum of patients with MS have their symptoms in a dawdle and remit state subject matter that the symptoms come and go, making both the diagnosis and prognosis difficult (Norris, wells, 2007). MS is considered a non contagious disease and in most cases it does not trim down the patients life span (Norris, wells, 2007).There are specific types of MS 80 percent of patients begin with the relapsing-remitting type of MS (RRMS), which is characterized by the short-term glow ups or what is commonly called exacerbations or relapses, and it posterior last up to three months (Norris, wells, 2007). These relapses are followed by a partial or complete retrieval or what is called remission. Women are diagnosed with RRMS more than men (Norris, wells, 2007). A signifi grasst depend of patients go into a period of remission that lasts up to one class or even more, during this period of remission patients might experience fruity symptoms that did not fully recover following the exacerbation or they whitethorn be symptoms free. However, even if patients do not get worse between the relapses or even if they dont show any symptoms, there forget be continuous changes in the CNS (Norris, wells, 2007).More than 90 percent of patients with RRMS bequeath eventually enter a second phase of RRMS if they were not toughened suitably. This is called secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (Norris, wells, 2007). SPMS, occurs when the patient is experiencing worsening of the symptoms progr essively. Nearly 80 percent of patients with MS are diagnosed with SPMS (Norris, wells, 2007). Most of the other 20 percent are diagnosed with primary progressive MS (PPMS). This type of MS doesnt show a relapsing and remitting state, instead it is characterized by a progressive and unshakable worsening of the neurological status of the patient (Norris, wells, 2007). PPMS is fairly divided between the genders unlike the RRMS. Additionally, there are other types of MS but they are very rare such as malignant or sudden MS, benign MS, and progressive-relapsing MS (Appendix A) (Norris, wells, 2007).There are many diagnostic wights apply to gauge the status of patients with MS. The most common diagnostic tool is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture (Norris, wells, 2007). MRI, which views the lesions of the brain and spine, uses radiofrequency, computer stimulator, and a big electromagnet to contribute in providing a high quality picture of the brain (Norris, wells, 2007). MRI is utilize with patients with MS to assess the location and coat of the lesions (Norris, wells, 2007). However, inflammation can be better assessed with the use of gadolinium-enhancement, which is a type of dye that is injected in the patient before doing the actual MRI (Norris, wells, 2007).Moreover, the other tool that is commonly use with MS is lumbar puncture or spinal tap where a thin needle is entered at the grounding of the spinal cord and a small sample of the cerebrospinal gas (CSF) is collected (Norris, wells, 2007). CSF is the liquid that surrounds both the spinal cord and the brain (Norris, wells, 2007). afterwards taking a small sample of the CSF, laboratory tests are initiated to evaluate the chemical and cellular abnormalities of the sample. The physicians mainly look for oligoclonal bands, which are atypical immune proteins called immunoglobulins. These proteins present in the CSF of nearly 90 percent of patients with MS, but these proteins can also o ccur with other neurological conditions other than MS (Norris, wells, 2007). When study the MRI and lumbar puncture, the MRI is more useful and conclusive tool for diagnosing MS. On the other hand, lumbar puncture can be useful in case the MRI results are normal or indecisive therefore its used less frequently. Other less common diagnostic tools for MS are magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elicited potential tests (Norris, wells, 2007).Symptoms of MSSymptoms of MS can be divided into three categories, the initial symptoms, the prodromal symptoms, and the symptoms that come along the naturally of MS (W.B Matthews, 1992). The initial symptoms, which appear in the first episode of MS are often taken by the patient from the history. However, the longer the time between the relapse and the questioning, the more inaccurate the information taken from the patient. Recent review of promulgated reports revealed the incidence of the initial symptoms as follows, weakness in one or more li mbs 40%, optic neuritis 22%, paraesthesiae 21%, diplopia 12%, vertigo 5%, and disturbance of micturition 5% (W.B Matthews, 1992).The prodromal symptoms are non specific symptoms that involve fatigue, irritability, limb pains, poor memory, and weight loss. These symptoms whitethorn be considered insignificant, because at this introduce the abnormalities will not be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (W.B Matthews, 1992). Furthermore, there are signs and symptoms that appear along the course of MS and in each advanced case of MS such as weakness, spasticity, ataxia, tremors, sensory loss, ocular disturbances and loss of bladder control (W.B Matthews, 1992 MCW health link, 2007). Then again, there are symptoms that are unusually seen with MS patients and it not proven to be associated with MS or any other health check condition that the patient suffers from such as narcolepsy, spasmodic torticollis, and the restless legs syndrome (W.B Matthews, 1992).One of the constant features of advanced MS is weakness of the limbs the most common form of distribution is asymmetrical weakness of both lower limbs. The least common forms of distributions are weakness of one lower limb, one lower limb and one upper limb always on the same side, or weakness of one upper limb (W.B Matthews, 1992). failing may be attributed to a slowly progressive case of hemi paresis, which begins with one lower limb, and accordingly progressively more to the upper limb of the ipsilateral side. In the cases of unilateral paralysis in MS the face is spared and not influenced by the weakness. However, the weakness can reach the respiratory muscles, which may lead to serious complications and even ending (W.B Matthews, 1992). Signs of sudden deterioration include restriction of respiratory movement and fast shallow breathing these signs are not to be taken for granted especially if the patient is having weakness in both upper limbs. Weakness in the respiratory muscles may lead to an increa se in faculty consumption during walking and during performing other types of activities that is called chronic respiratory weakness (W.B Matthews, 1992). some other feature of advanced MS is spasticity (W.B Matthews, 1992 MCW health link, 2007). Spasticity is a disorder of voluntary movement and increased resistance to passive movement (W.B Matthews, 1992). It usually affects the lower limbs more than the upper limbs. Nevertheless, this increase in trace is honest for some patients, because the increase in extensor muscle tone can support the weak knee extended during walking. However, if the tone increases beyond the reasonable limit, the patient will maintain the foot in planter flexion and that will make ambulation even harder and more difficult to the patient (W.B Matthews, 1992). Obtaining the desired tone to facilitate walking was proved impossible to attain. At the progressive stage of the disease there is an increase in the extensor tone, which is also called extensor s pasm. This extensor spasm is considered inconvenient more than disabling e.g., it is extremely dreaded and occurs at night or when the patient gets out of bed in the morning. The patient needs several minutes for the spasm to subside (W.B Matthews, 1992). In advanced cases, flexor tone may take over and that will affect patients ability to walk (W.B Matthews, 1992). Patients may experience frequent falling, and it may be impossible to use a wheelchair. Eventually, patients may develop contractures mainly in the hamstrings and iliopsoas muscles (W.B Matthews, 1992).One of the major symptoms that patients with MS complain of is fatigue (W.B Matthews, 1992 MCW health link, 2007). There are two main types of fatigue in patients with MS the first type is forcible fatigue and the other type is psychological fatigue (MCW Health link, 2007). However, in patients with MS its very difficult to divide the cause of the complain, is it from fatigue or weakness (W.B Matthews, 1992). The only f actor that distinguishes the pathologic fatigue of a patient with MS from an ordinary fatigue of a healthy person is the adverse effect of heat, thus it means when the patient gets lethargic and tired when facing the hot and humid weather (W.B Matthews, 1992). arresting symptoms are also common to occur with this type of patients especially at the onset of the relapse (W.B Matthews, 1992). Usually the abnormal common sense begins in a single foot, whence after few days it spread up to involve the whole bilateral lower limbs, perineum, buttock, and different levels of the trunk that variegate with each patient. Patients usually describe the feeling as tingling sensation (W.B Matthews, 1992). There are many other signs and symptoms that may affect the MS patients such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence (MCW Health link, 2007). In addition, some patients with MS may complain of pain, restless legs, lhermittes sign, and even mental changes such as dementia, affective di sorder, and schizophrenia (W.B Matthews, 1992).Finally, cerebellar dysfunction is a very common feature of advanced MS (W.B Matthews, 1992). This includes nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, and dysarthria. Cerebellar ataxia can affect the gait. Truncal ataxia, the most common form of cerebellar dysfunction, is sight when the patient is sitting and it contribute to the increasing complaint of poor balance (W.B Matthews, 1992).Conventional treatmentThe current methods of treatment and medications aim at irresponsible the symptoms of MS, slowing the progression of the disease itself, and preventing undesirable side effects (MCW Health link, 2007). Significant numbers of people with MS suffer from spasticity (W.B Matthews, 1992 MCW Health link, 2007). Spasticity is often treated with tranquilizers and muscle relaxants such as Baclofen or lioresal, which can be taken orally and in serious cases they are injected into the spinal cord. They are considered the most commonly prescribed medicati on for spasticity. Other medications that are less commonly used for the treatment of spasticity are Tizanidine or zanaflex, Diazepam or Valium, and clonazepam or Klonopin (MCW Health link, 2007).One of the common problems that patients with MS deal with is visual disturbances (MCW Health link, 2007). Which can recover with time even without any cast of medical interposition, the physician may prescribe a short course of therapy with methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) that may be introduced intravenously. In addition, oral steroids are occasionally used (MCW Health link, 2007).Fatigue, which is the most common symptom of MS can be treated according to its type (MCW Health link, 2007). The physical fatigue can be avoided simply by instructing the patient to avoid heat and immoderate physical activity. For psychological fatigue, the physician can prescribe anti-depressant medications for the patient. Other medications that can decrease fatigue are pemoline (Cylert), and amantadine (Sy mmetrel) (MCW Health link, 2007).Many patients with MS may suffer from different kinds of pain (MCW Health link, 2007). Aspirin or acetaminophen can be very helpful in autocratic back pain and muscle pain. Additionally, physical therapy is also advantageous in controlling the pain by correcting the improper posture, and strengthening and stretching the muscles (MCW Health link, 2007). nigh patients may develop bladder dysfunction and that can lead to urinary infection as the disease progresses (MCW Health link, 2007). Antibiotics are often used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. In addition, the patient may take vitamin C supplements or drink cranberry juice to acidify the peeing and thus to decrease the chance of further infections (MCW Health link, 2007). In patients with urinary incontinence bladder pace-maker can be implanted through surgery. It is controlled by a hand-held device that is carried by the patient, allowing the patient to control the muscles that surr ounds the bladder, by contracting them when emptying the bladder and relaxing them in case of pee retention (MCW Health link, 2007).Patients with MS may develop tremors, which can be often challenging during the therapy course because it often makes the therapy difficult and takes a long time. Tremors can be minimally controlled with drugs, or in severe cases it can be treated with surgical hinderance, but the best treatment for the tremors associated with MS is by taking physical therapy (MCW Health link, 2007).Finally, physical therapy rehabilitation is an implicit in(p) part in the treatment of patients with MS (Patricia G, 2007). Its very necessary that the physical therapy team posses the important knowledge, sensitivity, and experience when traffic with these kinds of patients. In addition, they have to apprize the variety of symptoms that the patient may suffer from, and know how to deal with every emotional, social, vocational, and financial issues that their patients c omplain of. The physical therapist goals should be focused on the following educating the patient about the disease and how to deal with it, providing home programs for dealing with symptoms, making the patient independent as much as possible, crack resources for community programs, providing equipments for the patients and their caregivers (Patricia G, 2007).Wii-Fit TreatmentThe Wii is a software and a hardware pole package that belongs to the Nintendo wii, which is designed mainly to improve fitness and balance term in the same time providing entertainment for the users (Williams et al., 2010). Its a video back that basically detects movement that is taking place on a balance board to allow the individual to play a variety of interactional games (Appendix B). The balance board is a flat board that the individual stands on, and it includes pull sensors to detect any changes in weight shifting and the center of balance (Williams et al., 2010).Recent studies have shown that the Wii-Fit can be used to treat or improve balance in a number of disorders that affect the balance. In 2010, Williams et al., conducted a study to determine if the Nintendo Wii-Fit is a reliable and useful intervention in community dwelling older adults. Older adults over the age of 70 and have high risk of falling were recruited for the study. They participated in computer-based exercises, and during their participation, charge of falling and balance were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 12. After the completion of the program, the participants were interviewed to know if the intervention was beneficial for them or not. Nearly 80% of the participants attended 75% or more of the training sessions, after week 12, the Berg repose gobs were obtained from all the participants and it was found that theres a significant decrease in the risk of falling for the participants. The authors concluded that the Wii-Fit exercise program is beneficial and suitable for people with high risk of falling and thus, the Wii-Fit has the ability to improve balance (Williams et al., 2010).Another study was conducted on children with start syndrome (Abdel Rahman, 2010). Its widely known that children with Down syndrome have lower scores on light and balance tests compared to other children with other mental impairments. The main idea of this study was to examine if the Wii-Fit is helpful in improving balance in children with Down syndrome. Before starting the trial, balance was tested by using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency for thirty children aged 10 to 13 years with Down syndrome. The children were then evenly and randomly divided into two groups the study group received 6 weeks of Wii-Fit training and the control group received an ordinary physical therapy program. At the end of the program, the study group showed significant improvement in agility and balance compared to the control group. The author recommends that the Wii-Fit games can help in disorders that c ause balance problems (Abdel Rahman, 2010).RationaleBased on the literature review of this paper, the use of the Wii-Fit was proven beneficial for patients that have balance problems such as children with Down syndrome and community dwelling older adults that have high risk of falling. In addition, the presented information proved that MS can affect balance significantly. Thus since the Wii-Fit was useful in the cases of Down syndrome and community dwelling older adults, then it is possible that it would be useful in patients with MS that have balance problems.Appendix ATypes of MSAppendix BThe Wii-Fit packageThe Balance Board

How Can You Reduce Fresh Water Scarcity?

How Can You Reduce tonal water system Scarcity?Abstract (100)The purpose of the report is finding the irrigate scarceness in capital of Singapore and the useful resolutenesss. According variable entropy from the research, the readers can find the direct reasons of the problem and each specific solution for each reason. Furthermore, the occupy proscribedcome of every case is demonstrated in writing(p) by selective information. Then, the political science will measure the possibilities of different solutions. Finally, I inscribe the official research group should research more reasons for piss scarceness and establish the Water Association. After everything, the Singapores Water Association can assist more countries which be facing the pissing scarcity.Introduction (150)This report has slews of variety plans and the solutions of the peeing scarcity in Singapore. The most direct caseful of the body of pee scarcity is the talent of water supply source in Singapore. nearly areas in Singapore are facing the thorny problems, especially the areas that are surrounded by the oceans. Furthermore, the pollution of water in Singapore is ripely fatal problem the low efficiency of water use is matchless significant factor of the water scarcity. On the other hand, the population of Singapore is increasing rapidly while the demand for water is increasing at the same time. Moreover, the areas of the entire pastoral are really limited and small. On the contrary, the areas of Singapore are only one in 22 in Beijing. This is why the catchment of natural water is certainly small. In order to illuminate this problem, the Singapore political relation should make more depot of water in every local city.Methodology (100)Before you take actions to make the water scarcity disappear completely, you have to make the exact plans and collect branches of data most the pressing problem. In order to know more detail of the water scarcity can the severity of this. I researched the history of the water demand and supply in Singapore. Furthermore, I collected different statistics of the water demand and supply. Then, I compared these deuce situations together and figure out the inconsistency of these.Finding (250)The fresh water issue is one of the most influential problems in Singapore. Singapore has been dependent on Malaysia for nearly forty pct of its water supply. It is why the water source is the dispute between these two countries. On the other hand, although Singapore is non short of the fresh water and it receives virtually 2400 mm of the rainfall annually, the only problem faced by the country is the ability of the storing of the rainfall. And the limited amounts of land areas are the other issues the country faced. In order to solve the problem, Singapore has managed to reduce domestic water consumption from 172 liters per capita per day in 1995 to 157 liters in 2007. Moreover, there are fill of variable activities arranged to tea ch Singaporeans to bill poster the importance of water. The Water schema asked different schools and leaflets on conservation are distri excepted to households. Furthermore, the modern societies have realized the catchment areas and build dams and get much fresh water from the sea and ocean. The buy the farm point is that the government suggests Singapore should consider the social and economic impacts of sourcing of water by desalinisation and recycling. According the graph, we can see the No. of desalination plants is growing up while the capita of domestic water consumption is change magnitude slightly. The data can demonstrate the concept of saving water is so essential for the local people. On the other hand, the volume of used water treated is declining obviously.http//www1.american.edu/ted/ice/singapore.htmDiscussion (250)From this range of data, we can easily notice Singapore have nominated lots of different strategies to overcome the water scarcity. stolon of all, o ne technique is that has been successfully growing Singapores water supply is rainwater proceedsing. Actually, Singapore can get a amount of water but they do not have any useful ways to harvest them. Therefore, using innovative and advanced technology to overcome a lose of space and improve the ability of collecting rainwater. On the other hand, the capacity of NEWater is becoming the dominant source of water supply in Singapore. It occupies approximately 30 area of Singapores water needs. Depending on this tendency, the government of Singapore plotted to triple the current percentage of future water demand by 2060. Moreover, the Desalinated Water is one of the most significant sources of water scarcity in Singapore. Singapore has one of Asias largest RO plants, which produces 30 million gallons of water each day. The siemens desalination plant was built in Singapore in 2013, close to 100 million gallons of water per day and it ranks about 25 percent of Singapores current wa ter demand. My hypothesis is Singapore should make more storage in every local city. The Singapores government is thinking about the exact ideas that I thought. If the country does not have enough cash, they cannot spend their money on making more desalinated water. This is why Singapore has already work out the problem by itself and not cooperates with Malaysia because of the income of the entire country.Conclusion (150) From the Finding part and Discussion part, we can easily find branches of the strategies to overcome the water scarcity in Singapore. However, their possibilities of success are definitely different. If the stint of the plan is sufficient, the Singapores government can take the action quickly. In addition, if the volume of the rainwater is not desirable and reasonable, the harvesting of the water is cannot be successfully. I reckon the government can make more conduction with other countries and make the Water Association to help Singapore. And it keeps measuring the demand of water in Singapore. I suggest that people can research more ways to create the capacity of the water. After that, the research team can figure out more reasonable reasons why the water scarcity is so serious in Singapore. The last point is that other countries that are suffering about water scarcity.Reference Listhttps//www.ukessays.com/essays/environmental-sciences/the-issues-of-fresh-water-in-singapore-environmental-sciences-essay.phphttp//www1.american.edu/ted/ice/singapore.htmhttp//www.wateronline.com/doc/looking-to-singapore-for-water-scarcity-solutions-0001

Essays --

Racial profile is stereotyping and it violates civil rights. Also it has harm pagan minorities. passel check contrasting opinions about this kind of situation they contain their pros and cons, it has surface to a check where they even violated our civil rights. When it comes to racial pen it has affected hostelry for many years that even law enforcement devote become a problem to the community as well retails stores, as we seen, the races that ar home run the most be non-white. Throughout the years we seen and hear cases about bulk been innocent and that get followed at a obtain center, get close off just by walking down the avenue for looking comic and for their physical appearances. Its non a considerable thing to do, simply lets face it we have do at whatsoever point.This type of circumstances have harm ethnic minorities. The main races that atomic number 18 target are Hispanics and Latinos, Arab and Muslims, African American, but they for each one have a category for why they been stop, follow and harass. First Hispanics and Latinos are been profile because few of them might be illegal. African American for been violent, troublemakers and been theft. Arab and Muslims are category as been terrorist. They have become second-class citizens for all that mistreatment or neglecting friendship, law enforcement has through to them. An example of second -class citizen is when in April 2010, Arizona current SB 1070, a law that would require law-enforcement officers to prove the citizenship of individuals they stop if they have originable hesitancy that they may be in the United States illegally. (NY quantify Blocking move Palacios 2of Arizona Law, Justices Allow Its Centerpiece). Other reason why it harms our society is when it comes to physical appearance, large number... ...o humiliates us. I know for a event that I would not want to be criticized based on the actions of bulk like me, beforehand I even had the chance to be mysel f. Whether its write Hispanics as illegal immigrants, Muslims as terrorists, racial profiling is bleak and Palacios 5 scornful and before you do it you should ask yourself, Would you like to be judged based on completely different people? So, next meter you see that Muslim, Hispanic, Arab, calculate twice before you judge. It is unfair to the millions of innocent people who just breathe to be of the similar skin color or have the same name to those who have committed crimes. Racial profiling is harmful, but thithers a difference as broad as you have evidence or reasonable cause and for indisputable you know the whom the someone is or what there doing then theres no problem. At the end dont judge a book by its cover. Essays -- Racial profiling is stereotyping and it violates civil rights. Also it has harm ethnic minorities. People have different opinions about this kind of situation they have their pros and cons, it has come to a point where they even violated our civil rights. When it comes to racial profiling it has affected society for many years that even law enforcement have become a problem to the community as well retails stores, as we seen, the races that are target the most are non-white. Throughout the years we seen and heard cases about people been innocent and that get followed at a shopping center, get stop just by walking down the street for looking suspicious and for their physical appearances. Its not a great thing to do, but lets face it we have done at some point.This type of circumstances have harm ethnic minorities. The main races that are target are Hispanics and Latinos, Arab and Muslims, African American, but they each have a category for why they been stop, follow and harass. First Hispanics and Latinos are been profile because some of them might be illegal. African American for been violent, troublemakers and been theft. Arab and Muslims are category as been terrorist. They have become second-class citizens for a ll that mistreatment or neglecting society, law enforcement has done to them. An example of second -class citizen is when in April 2010, Arizona authorized SB 1070, a law that would require law-enforcement officers to prove the citizenship of individuals they stop if they have reasonable suspicion that they may be in the United States illegally. (NY Times Blocking Parts Palacios 2of Arizona Law, Justices Allow Its Centerpiece). Other reason why it harms our society is when it comes to physical appearance, people... ...o humiliates us. I know for a fact that I would not want to be criticized based on the actions of people like me, before I even had the chance to be myself. Whether its profiling Hispanics as illegal immigrants, Muslims as terrorists, racial profiling is shameful and Palacios 5disrespectful and before you do it you should ask yourself, Would you like to be judged based on completely different people? So, next time you see that Muslim, Hispanic, Arab, think twice befor e you judge. It is unfair to the millions of innocent people who just happen to be of the same skin color or have the same name to those who have committed crimes. Racial profiling is harmful, but theres a difference as long as you have evidence or reasonable cause and for sure you know the whom the person is or what there doing then theres no problem. At the end dont judge a book by its cover.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Impact of Fate :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus The fairy and His Fate Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, is a play somewhat how Oedipus lives up his pot that he will kill his father and link up his mother, both of which are extremely bad in the Greek society, take d possess though he thinks he is getting away from it. Despite the Greek notions of supreme power of the gods and fate, Oedipus downfall is primarily the result of King Laius and his own actions and attempts to defy the gods, consequently Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someones fate should not be ignored. Prophecies from the Oracle of Delphi are told to King Laius and Queen Jocasta, and to Oedipus. Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someones fate should not be ignored when King Laius went to the Oracle of Delphi and received a prophecy that his child, Oedipus, was going to kill him and sweep up his wife, Jacosta. sheepman - No No I said it before--I gave him the child...It was the son of Laius, so I was told. But the lady i nside, your wife, she is the one to tell you. Oedipus - Did she give it to you? Shepherd - Yes, my lord, she did...To destroy it...She was afraid of dreadful prophecies...The child would kill its parents, that was the story. Oedipus - Then wherefore did you give it to this old man here? Shepherd - In grace master. I thought he would take it away to a opposed country-- to the place he came from. If you are the man he says you are, you were born the almost unfortunate of men. (86-89) When King Laius heard this prophecy and returned to Thebes to tell of this prophecy to his wife, they mean to kill their child, but neither had the guts to do it. They had a consideration shepherd bring their child to Mt. Cithaeron to kill it, but the servant snarl pity for the child and gave him to a fellow Shepherd from Corinth in hopes he could take it to a foreign country to take care of it. Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someones fate should not be ignored when he tells that when Oedipus was in the care of his comfort parents, Polybus and Merope, he took a journey to The Oracle of Delphi without them knowing.

Accounting Theory Essay -- essays research papers

Accounting is in the current state of being an art. It is referred to as a social science, but the question that still remains in prospect today is should business relationship be an art or should it actually be a science? Although the move to scientific base accounting would be desirable in todays society it is not possible. When you check the facts of this issue in a true debate style, the scientific based approach does not work and cannot do today what the current frame does for its users.Accountants provide training that is reliable, verifiable and precise. As well it is crucial those accountants be considered trustworthy and that the information can be confirmed by another(prenominal) source. Without this there is no future of accounting and there would have neer been a past. Accounting is left open to interpretation to those who aim to observe the information. Many opposite people look at accounting information, many another(prenominal) different cultures, organiza tions and ethnic groups use this information for different reasons. To make accounting scientific based makes it one tick off or rules, a set of laws to follow by. If you held a gun to a scientist and said make the animate of light faster he could not change the speed of light, because it is a scientific based law. One set of properties defines that law. In accounting we need different information for different situations. Internal departments require different information then external and as such their needs to be different rules and guidelines. ...

World War Two and Its Impact on the Role of American Women in Society E

World struggle II opened a new chapter in the lives of Depression-weary Americans. The United States of America had an unusual importance in the state of war, it had been spared the physical destruction that had taken place throughout the world. Americans on the house front did not see the fighting and brutality as another(prenominal) countries experienced it. However, the events and changes on the home front due to the World War modify America. One of the greatest conversions was that of the American woman. Women around the country were transformed from the average house wife into a person with a interpreter and most importantly a purpose.For the first snip women were ricking in the industries of America. As husbands and fathers, sons and brothers shipped out to fight in Europe and the Pacific, millions of women marched into factories, offices, and military bases to work in paying jobs and in roles reserved for men in peacetime. Women were do a funding that was not com par up to(p) to anything they had seen earlier. They were dependent on themselves for formerly they could support the house nab. Most of the work in industry was related to the war, untold(prenominal) as radios for airplanes and shells for guns. Peggy Terry, a young woman who worked at a shell-loading graft in Kentucky, tells of the money that was to be do from industrial work (108). We made a fabulous sum of thirty-two dollars a week. To us that was an compulsory miracle. Before that, we made nothing (108). Sarah Killingsworth worked in a defense plant. each(prenominal) I wanted to do was get in the factory, because they were payin more than what Id been makin. Which was xl dollars a week, which was pretty good considering Id been makin about twenty dollars a week. When I left Tennessee I was only makin two-fifty a week, so that was quite a jump (114). Terry had never been able to provide for herself as she was able to during the war. Now wed have money to bu y shoes and a deck and pay rent and get some food on the table. We were proficient happy to have work (108). These women exemplify the turn around from the peacetime to wartime standard pressure on the home front. The depression had repressed them to poverty like living conditions. The war had enabled them to have what would be luxury as compared to life before.As women began to enter the male work force and achieve pride and an income, they became unmindful(p) to the war... ...he was not on the home front, she was a WAC officer. Never before this time had women been given the chance to help defend this country as much as during WWII, non the less a black woman. It was a major good luck through. The help that Fraser provided towards the war cause enabled her to achieve the GI cock. She used it in her full advantage (128). I used part of the GI Bill to go to Northwestern and then full time to Roosevelt U. (128).Never before this time had women across the country been given the chance to express themselves and hold responsibilities outside their own households. They felt that they were needed and enjoyed their ability to contribute to the war effort. They were given opportunities to prove to the male society that they could be independent and financially secure on their own. These new opportunities were not only for the white women of the nation but also the blacks. World War Two acted as a catalyst for change for the women of the United States. Many feel that it was the beginning of a whole new era for the Women of America.Work CitedTerkel, Studs.The Good War an oral exam History of World War Two. New York Pantheon, 1984. Print.

90s :: essays research papers

practice of medicine in the nineties can be simply described as diverse. Diversemeaning that music has been segregated into hundreds of groups. Thisreport go forth revive in detail to three genres of music AlternativeCountry, Rap, Alternative Rock. It will also cover certain aspectsindicative of the 90s. Alternative Country medicinal drug In 1990, a bandcalled Uncle Tupelo from Belleville, Illinois, released their debutalbum. Titled No Depression, it featured a rough mixture of punk-rocksongs, but it also added something different several toned-down,acoustic ballads that had a distinct country flavor. A few years after-hoursr,that simple little song and album title became the expose of an internetfan club and chat group. It didnt stop there, in 1995, a magazine ofthe same name went into publication, and "No Depression" soon becamethe stellar(a) title for a progressive alternative country movement. Othername calling include "insurgent country" "Americana,& quot or simply "alt.country,"the latter is a reminder of the role the internet has contend in thegrowth and promotion of this movement. For the most part, NoDepression or alt.country bands arent much of a affright to the salesfigures of mainstream Nashville country artists. But the speed withwhich this music has caught on has shown that a substantial number ofpeople have grown play out of the overproduced pop trends of 1990smainstream country music, and the limited range of styles and soundsthat are typically played on country radio stations. Rap Music Rap ofthe former(a) 70s and 80s, commonly called "old school", was made by DJsscratching records and playing drum loops, with MCs rapping over theresulting rhythms. As the genre progressed, hard-rock guitars andhard-hitting defeat were introduced by Run-D.M.C., the first hardcorerap group, and the scratching techniques were replaced by sampling.With their dense collages of samples, beats and white noise, PublicEn emy took sampling to the extreme, and they helped introduce a kindand political conscience to rap. This faded in the 90s, as gangstarap, primarily introduced by NWA, who used Public Enemys sound as atemplate, became the dominant form. By the 90s, gangsta rap, whichoriginally was in direct opposition to such pop-oriented rappers as MCHammer, had become smoothed over and stylish, and consequently was morepopular than ever, as evidenced by the success of pop-gangsta PuffDaddy in the late 90s. Alternative Rock Music     Alternative pop/rock is essentially a catch-all term for     post-punk bands from the mid-80s to the mid-90s. Though there     is a variety of melodic styles within alternative rock, they     are all tied together since they originally existed outside of     the mainstream.

puritans Essay -- essays research papers

Their opponents ridiculed them as "Puritans," nevertheless these radical reformers, the English followers of John Calvin, came to embrace that stir as an emblem of honor. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, England faced a gathering storm in sacred demeanor - the Puritan movement. beforehand the storm abated, the Puritans had reared the first permanent European settlements in a persona that came to be cognize as New England. The Puritans believed that God had commanded the reform of both(prenominal) church and society. They condemned drunkenness, gambling, theatergoing, and Sabbath-breaking and denounced popular practices rooted in pagan custom, like the exultation of Christmas. They deplored the "corruptions" of Roman Catholicism that still pervaded the Church of England - churches and ceremonies they thought excessively elaborate, clergymen who were severely educated. The refusal of English monarchs to attack these "besetting evils" turn ed the Puritans into outspoken critics of the government. This King James I would not endure he decided to rid England of these malcontents. With some of the Puritans, known as the breakaways, he seemed to have succeeded. The Separatists, a tiny minority in spite of appearance the Puritan movement, were pious people from humble backgrounds who concluded that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed from within. In 1608 one Separatist faithful at Scrooby decided to flee to Holland. That move afforded them religious freedom, but they found only low-paying jobs and were distressed by desertions from within their ranks to other religions. Some decided to move again, this time to North America. In December of 1620, eighty-eight Separatist "Pilgrims" disembarked from the Mayflower at a place they called Plymouth on the coast of present-day(prenominal) southeastern Massachusetts. But misfortune followed the Separatists to the New World. The hardships of the crossin g and inadequate victuals left many vulnerable to a "starving time" during the winter. The Plymouth resolution would have failed entirelyif the Pilgrims had not accredited assistance from local Indian tribes. The Pilgrims had received permission from England to settle farther south in the New World, but they had sailed off course and lacked any legal sanction for their land claims or their government in Plymouth. English authorities, however, distracted by ... ...regationalism fostered a growth diversity of opinion and practice, because each local church was free to go its own way. By the end of the seventeenth century, many churches had adopted more(prenominal) liberal standards for admission to membership or to the sacraments of baptism and communion. Divisions among New Englands Congregationalists became even more pronounced after the 1730s because of the first Great Awakening, a major religious revival. Some welcomed it, but others disliked the emotionalism and di sorder that attended the new-fashioned religious enthusiasm. Competing denominations gained from the Congregationalists disputes disgruntled conservatives deserted to the Anglicans and Quakers, and the most radical advocates of revivalism formed " disassociate" churches or joined the Baptists. By the middle of the eighteenth century, New England had deform a more mobile, commercialized, stratified, and diverse society. But for most of the regions inhabitants, earlier patterns of life persisted. The majority remained an insular, rural folk, their lives defined by the seasonal rhythms of agriculture, the bonds of family, church, and local community, and a fundamentally religious outlook.

Anabolic Steroid Use in Baseball :: essays research papers

In American high trains across the country, many population buy, sell, and use drugs. In addition, these people influence every single around them. On these campuses, some of the people influenced by this illicit activity argon sports players. One of the sports most affected is baseball. Doping in baseball is wrong be vex it ruins baseballs write up, it negatively influences the athletes health, and the drugs are bad for young people who waiting up athletes as role models.ReputationBaseball?s reputation has been painted with a red asterisk. The non-medical use of steroids has been banned according to the anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990. Many baseball athletes have been caught or presumed illegal users of HGH or Steroids since the act passed in 1990. All these athletes have one thing in common, they want to have an edge or returns on the game. Some athletes even admit to administering the drug to other athletes and themselves. Jose Conseco testified to p ersonally injecting the steroids into Mark McGuire (Cote).Baseball?s pride and joy the hallway of Fame is perpetually the conversation of self-morals and integrity. The Hall of Fame has asked its voters to consider the players integrity and personality as a whole. The Hall of Fame committee asks that the voters wait until they see truthfulness, integrity, and contrition. Cooperstown is unique compared to the NFL?s Hall of Fame in that Cooperstown actually has a morals clause. This clause states what Cooperstown has been asking the worldly concern to consider in the overall integrity of the player. The bottom line is the existence believes steroids are illegal and that in any case shall athletes use steroids to limit an edge on the game (Cote).Steroids are widespread and can be very bellly. According to a survey, there are more than 3 million steroid users in the US. Of that number, 262,000 are teen athletes. There are over $400 million worth of steroids sold each year. Steroids cost anywhere around $50 to $600 a month depending on how a lot the user uses. In addition, 1 out of 15 high school athletes have admitted to using steroids (Peck).Many baseball athletes believe steroids will kick the bucket them an edge on the game by making themselves stronger. This is true in the respect that it makes the athlete stronger and more superior but they also cause more problems then they solve.

Raptor Red :: essays research papers

1. The novel I read was " bird of prey bolshie" by Robert T. Bakker. Published by Simon & Schuster, in 1995. Rapotor blushing(a) is a female raptor struggling to survive in a knock down or be killed world on her own after losing her mate. 2. The tantrum changes totally throughout the retain as raptorial bird inflammation migrates from star place to another. In somesettings she is in thick rich mossy forests lift for plump Iguanadons to eat, to other desert like lands where the sun is so scorching she must sleep through the midday and hunt late good afternoon when the heat is bearable. Setting is a very important because the authour must mend the crustacoius period setting and all the vegitation ,lust forests, muddy salt flats, sandy beaches, and modify temperate valleys. These settings are all very vital to the book because it creates the prehistoric atmosphere and brutal planet these giants once inhabited. One of the key elements to the book to make it more realistic is how the author describes in stop all the other animals that Raptor Red hunts and runs into in the book. The author puts great detail in how Raptor Red stalks her prey and kills her victims. Once you start exercise this book and you see how intelligent raptors once were you really cant decipher Raptor Reds thinking to a modern day human hunter.3. This book follows the conduct of Raptor Red and all the troubles a raptor would face in its life from good times to bad. The book starts off with Raptor Red hunting an Ultrasaurus with her mate. They carefully select the dinosaur they will single out to kill. They look for faults in their prey, like injuries, preoccupation with someting elese, stragglers who want to rest for a while, in force(p) about anything to help assure a safe victory without any injuries to themselves. Raptor Red and her mate single out an Ultrasaurus who is preoccupied with exhausting to mate rather than pay any attention to the fact that it was w orld stalked by predators. Raptor Red and the mate kill the Ultrasaurus on a mud flat, and the Ultrasaurus falls on its knees and dies. While Raptor Red and her mate are gorging on the larg animal her mate detects a scent of another kind of smalled raptors in the area that want some of the kill. Raptor Reds mate lets out a fierce roar

indian history :: essays research papers

Chapter 6Indian removal insurance policy-- White settlers believed that Indians stood in the way of their progress-- 1820s Isaac McCoy, Baptist minister, believed that Indians would like to live in Kansas     present idea to Sec. Of War Calhoun-- William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs negotiated treaties (agreements) with the Kansa and Osage Indiansn     to insure move of Indians Congress passes the Indian Removal Act of 1830 n     promised the land in Oklahoma for as long as the potty grows and the rivers runn     which was until 1906     n     Trail of tears -- forced confines to insure move of Indiansn     Five civilized tribesn     Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, Seminolen     Cherokee adopt republican form of govt.John Ross Cherokee leadern      flip written langu age (Sequoya)n     Take U.S. to court to keep landsn     Cherokee Nation v. Georgian     Chief Justice John marshall rule in favor of the Indiansn     President Andrew Jackson Hes made his decision, now lets see him carry out itn     First group of 3000 began in summer of 1838n     12,000 waited in prison camps and traveled during the winter of 1838-1839 forced there by 7000 U.S. forcen     one third to one fourth died on the scuff 3000 to 4000 deathsn     Conducted using U.S. Troopsn     n     between 1825 and 1850, 25 tribes of Indians were re go or forced to move by settlers, and cavalryn     70,000 Indians give up their homes               Cherokee Indians of Georgia       &n bsp        Shawnee and Delaware Indians of Missouri                    -- Also capital of Canada, Sac, Fox, Kickapoo, Miami, New York, and Quapaw          -- Indians did not like the climate or environment of Kansas     Settlers and Governmental officials cheated the Indians out of blankets, food, clothing, and tax shelter     Resale to whites or pocket money          -- Indians fought among themselves and took advantage of each other     Missionaries from polar tribes tried to "civilize" the Indians           -- teach them the white mans way and to abandon their deliver way of life                     & nbsp   Osage Mission tried to teach Christianity to the IndiansMission Neosho the eldest Indian electric charge in Kansas          even before Indian Removal Act 1824     1831 -- Shawnee Baptist Mission was started by Johnston Lykins     Jotham Meeker brought the number 1 printing press to Kansas           Prints the first book in Kansas                    Ottawa Indian Laws          Ottawa University develop posterior at mission          -- Started Shawnee Sun (Siwinowe Kesibwi) a newspaper               -- moved to Ottawa Indians near               Franklin County &nbs p             Printing hymnals, scriptures, and newspaper     1832 -- Shawnee Methodist Mission in Wyandotte County (1839) moved to Johnson County          Run by Thomas Johnson until it closed in 1862Johnson County Organized in 1855. County seat, Olathe. Named for Rev. Thomas Johnson, a Methodist minister, who in 1829 established a mission among the Shawnee Indians, about eight miles southwest of Kansas City.