puritans Essay -- essays research papers

Their opponents ridiculed them as "Puritans," nevertheless these radical reformers, the English followers of John Calvin, came to embrace that stir as an emblem of honor. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, England faced a gathering storm in sacred demeanor - the Puritan movement. beforehand the storm abated, the Puritans had reared the first permanent European settlements in a persona that came to be cognize as New England. The Puritans believed that God had commanded the reform of both(prenominal) church and society. They condemned drunkenness, gambling, theatergoing, and Sabbath-breaking and denounced popular practices rooted in pagan custom, like the exultation of Christmas. They deplored the "corruptions" of Roman Catholicism that still pervaded the Church of England - churches and ceremonies they thought excessively elaborate, clergymen who were severely educated. The refusal of English monarchs to attack these "besetting evils" turn ed the Puritans into outspoken critics of the government. This King James I would not endure he decided to rid England of these malcontents. With some of the Puritans, known as the breakaways, he seemed to have succeeded. The Separatists, a tiny minority in spite of appearance the Puritan movement, were pious people from humble backgrounds who concluded that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed from within. In 1608 one Separatist faithful at Scrooby decided to flee to Holland. That move afforded them religious freedom, but they found only low-paying jobs and were distressed by desertions from within their ranks to other religions. Some decided to move again, this time to North America. In December of 1620, eighty-eight Separatist "Pilgrims" disembarked from the Mayflower at a place they called Plymouth on the coast of present-day(prenominal) southeastern Massachusetts. But misfortune followed the Separatists to the New World. The hardships of the crossin g and inadequate victuals left many vulnerable to a "starving time" during the winter. The Plymouth resolution would have failed entirelyif the Pilgrims had not accredited assistance from local Indian tribes. The Pilgrims had received permission from England to settle farther south in the New World, but they had sailed off course and lacked any legal sanction for their land claims or their government in Plymouth. English authorities, however, distracted by ... ...regationalism fostered a growth diversity of opinion and practice, because each local church was free to go its own way. By the end of the seventeenth century, many churches had adopted more(prenominal) liberal standards for admission to membership or to the sacraments of baptism and communion. Divisions among New Englands Congregationalists became even more pronounced after the 1730s because of the first Great Awakening, a major religious revival. Some welcomed it, but others disliked the emotionalism and di sorder that attended the new-fashioned religious enthusiasm. Competing denominations gained from the Congregationalists disputes disgruntled conservatives deserted to the Anglicans and Quakers, and the most radical advocates of revivalism formed " disassociate" churches or joined the Baptists. By the middle of the eighteenth century, New England had deform a more mobile, commercialized, stratified, and diverse society. But for most of the regions inhabitants, earlier patterns of life persisted. The majority remained an insular, rural folk, their lives defined by the seasonal rhythms of agriculture, the bonds of family, church, and local community, and a fundamentally religious outlook.