Pediatrics: Cranial Nerve Examination Essay -- Pediatric Examination

Oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI) cranial nerve Although each of these nerves control separate extraocular muscles, they argon normally examined unitedly due to their termination functional interrelationships.LookSimilar to other cranial nerve examination, start with inspection of the eyes. Look at -The flummox of the offer position If diplopia is present, the head turned or tilted to slander double vision.-Inspect for ptosis and eye position. - bring the child to look at an object about five feet away. Examine the pupils for size, shape, and symmetry. Oculomotor nerve paralysis causes mydriasis. Sympathetic palsy leads to miosis. Ciliary ganglion malfunction within the orbit produces Adies pupil with middilated pupils and poor responds to convergence. Ocular alignmentThe eyes are normally parallel in all positions of gaze except convergence. Squints can be either paralytical (paresis of whiz of the extraocular muscles) or non-paralytic (defective binocular vis ion). Congenital paralytic squints result in abnormal head postures, while the acquired ones cause diplopia. Non-paralytic (concomitant) squints are not associated with diplopia.-Looking at accrue Sit in social movement of the child about 1 metre away. Shine a light source and ask the child to look at the light. Observe the position of the light reflexes on the cornea. Normally, the light reflex is symmetrical and slightly skeletal to the centre of each pupil. -Cover foot race is a good test of eye alignment and is helpful to determine the presence of both unequivocal and latent strabismus oUnilateral get over test film the child to concentrate on an object that is ten feet away as if their eyes are glued to the object. For testing of the right eye, cover the child... ...mpare the nasolabial grooves, which are smooth on the weak side)-Bells phenomenon Ask the child close the eyes. In lower motor neuron VII nerve palsy, the up(a) movement of the eyeball is seen due to incomp lete closure of the eyelid. Taste booster-Examine for taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, only in those with nervus facialis palsy. -Ask the child to protrude the tongue and not to speak during the test.- retain a small sample of sugar, vinegar, salt and quinine solutions (sweet, sour, saline and bitter) with cotton buds to one side of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue one at a time.-Ask the child to patch to the taste on a pre-prepared card to point out the response.-Rinse the mouth with water between each specimen. - amid each test ask the patient to rinse his mouth with water.- paraphrase test on the other side of the tongue