How to Find Unclaimed Bank Accounts in Canada

The Bank of Canada is holding millions of dollars from dormant Canadian bank accounts, and they will return the money to its rightful owners free of charge. The Bank of Canada provides an online search tool and detailed instructions on how to claim money that is yours. Dormant Bank Accounts in Canada Dormant bank accounts are accounts that have no owner activity in relation to the account. Canadian banks are required by law to send written notification to the owner of a dormant bank account after two years, five years and nine years of inactivity. After 10 years of inactivity, unclaimed balances of all amounts are transferred to the Bank of Canada. Unclaimed Balances Held by the Bank of Canada Unclaimed balances held by the Bank of Canada are Canadian dollar deposits in Canadian banks at locations in Canada and negotiable instruments issued by Canadian banks at locations in Canada. This includes bank drafts, certified cheques, money orders and traveler cheques. The Bank of Canada holds unclaimed balances of less than $1,000 for 30 years, once they have been inactive for ten years at the financial institutions. Balances of $1,000 or more will be held for 100 years once they are transferred to the Bank of Canada. If the balance remains unclaimed until the end of the prescribed custody period, the Bank of Canada will transfer the funds to the Receiver General for Canada. The Bank of Canada provides a free online  Unclaimed Balances Search  database for unclaimed bank balances. How to Claim Funds To claim funds from the Bank of Canada, you must: Complete a claim form.Submit it with the appropriate signatures and documentation required to prove your identity and ownership of the funds. To submit a claim: Locate the accounts you wish to claim in the Bank of Canada  Unclaimed Balances Search  database.Click on the account, and then click on the claim form link. If there is no claim form link, click on the contact us link. It normally takes from 30 to 60 days to process a claim, although there may be delays due to the volume of requests the Bank of Canada receives or the complexity of the claim. You may also be contacted for further documents showing ownership. The Bank of Canada provides  detailed instructions  on their website on how to make a claim, including their contact address. You might also find the section on  frequently asked questions on unclaimed balances  useful.

Nucleophilic Substitution Synthesis of N-Butyl Bromide...

Nucleophilic Substitution | Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride | | Jessica | [Pick the date] | Abstract The synthesis of the alkyl halide n-Butyl Bromide from alcohol is the foundation for the experiment. During the isolation of the n-butyl bromide, the crude product is washed with sulfuric acid, water, and sodium bicarbonate to remove any remaining acid or n-butyl alcohol. The primary alkyl halide halide n-butyl bromide is prepared by allowing n-butyl alcohol to react with sodium bromide and sulfuric acid. The sodium bromide reacts with sulfuric acid to produce hydrobromic acid . Excess sulfuric acid acts to shift the equilibrium and speed up the reaction by producing a higher concentration of hydrobromic acid. The†¦show more content†¦14 mL of 9 M H2SO4 was added to the separatory funnel and the mixture was shaken. The layers were given a small amount of time to separate. The remaining n-butyl alcohol was extracted by the H2SO4 solution therefore, there was only one organic top layer. The lower aqueous layer was drained and discarded. 14 mL of H2O was added to the separatory funnel. A stopper was placed on the separatory funnel and it was shaken while being vented occasionally. The layers separated and the lower layer which contained the n-butyl bromide was drained into a smaller beaker. The aqueous layer was then discarded after ensuring that the correct layer had been saved by completing the water drop test (adding a drop of water to the drained liquid and if the water dissolves, it confirms that it is an aqueous layer). The alkyl halide was then returned to the separatory funnel. 14 mL of saturated aqeous sodium bicarbonate was added a little at a time while the separatory funnel was being swirled. A stopper was placed on the funnel and it was shaken for 1 minute while being vented frequently to relieve any pressure that was being produced. The lower alkyl halide layer was drained into a dry Erlenmeyer flask and 1.0 g of anhydrous calcium chloride was added to dry the solution. A stopper was placed on the Erlenmeyer flask and the contents were swirl ed until the liquid was clear. For the distillation

Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China Free Essays

string(73) " greatly enhanced the development of China’s urban market economy\." Question: Assess the aftermath and impact that the first Opium War had on China Essay: The First Opium War fought between Britain and China from 1839-1842 was a clash between two vastly different cultures, one struggling to control trade rights, and the other desperate to limit the impact of foreign trade upon the local population. The war changed the way China acted towards its foreign counterparts, exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system and forcefully opened-up China to the rest of the world. There were severe economic, social and political consequences that the war had on China. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prior to the war China had believed that the Chinese empire was the ‘Heavenly Middle Kingdom’ and superior to all other civilisations. China had very little contact with the West and foreigners were continually looked down upon. Despite strict government regulations, foreign trade with the West in China grew during the late 18th early 19th century. The West became desperate in trying to balance their thirst of coveted Chinese goods for their own goods but China showed little interest in Western products until 1817 when Britain sold 240 tons of opium into China and when the West found a product which China did not have, opium. Opium smuggling developed rapidly and the trade literally produced a country filled with opium dens and drug addicts. Thus the government decided to do something about this problem and sent Commissioner Lin Zexu to sort things out. However it was Zexu’s actions that eventually started a war in which brought China into a humiliating defeat. The Treaty of Nanking is an official document that marks the conclusion of the First Opium war; it is also considered an unequal treaty by the Chinese. China was ordered to handover Hong Kong, open up five more ports for trade and pay 21 million ounces of silver to Britain. Britain also received fixed tariffs, the ‘most favoured nation’ status and imprisoned British nationals were not to be tried under Chinese law. This treaty caused many problems for China as no restrictions were placed on British merchants who were free trade in China, the opium trade more than doubled in the three decades. As Hong Kong was to be ceded to Britain, it gave the British a base for further military, political and economical penetrations of China. Import duties were lowered from 65% to 5%, effectively traumatizing China’s home industries. The treaty also exempted British nationals and any Chinese person who had either dealt with the British, lived with them or were employed by them, from Chinese law. This provided a refuge for Chinese criminals. No sooner had the Chinese emperor made concessions to Britain, he was faced with similar demands from US, French, Belgium, Sweden, Norway and Russian governments. Greatly weakened by war he had no choice but to grant their requests. Seeing China’s weakness, the foreign powers sailed up to impose treaties similar to that of Nanking. By 1860, a massive amount of 6400 tons of opium was being annually imported into China. Western merchants mainly bought silk and tea from China and the export of tea from China increased to 42,000,000 kg in 1855 from only 7,500,000 kg in 1843. The export of silk rose to 56,000 bales in 1855 from a relatively small sum of 2000 bales in 1843. The tea and silk producing regions around the treaty ports expanded and benefited from the foreign trade and resulted in more and more farmers who abandoned the production of food stuffs to produce silk and tea. When Shanghai opened up to foreign trade, the occupation shift for the coolies and boatmen who would transport tea and silk throughout the regions in Canton were now unemployed since the majority of trade moved from Canton to Shanghai. This caused a food price hike and the unemployment rise. As Canton wasn’t the only port open for trade, the inland boatmen who transported goods to Canton from other areas before the war, lost their business. The amount of European goods and opium that flooded china severely strained the economy and provoked an economic crisis which resulted in the shortage of the Spanish silver dollar. The Spanish dollar appreciated so much that Canton abolished it and introduced the Mexican dollar. The monetary disturbances in China was enhanced by the internal monetary crises in China were the Chinese copper cash continued to devalue due to poor management and insufficient supply of copper. The monetary crises devastated the Chinese financial system and caused the loss of morale. With the rush of cheaper Western machine-made products, the home textile industry in China was almost destroyed. For many centuries, clothes were made by hand so this business was heavily impacted by foreign trade. In order to survive, this industry had to decrease the price of their products but, because the production methods remained basically untouched, the cost of production was also unchanged. Therefore the lower price came at the cost of the lower of the living standards of the textile workers. The Opium War almost entirely collapsed China’s economy. However, it also forced China’s economy to quickly adapt and evolve. The war rushed China’s development of capitalism. Even before the war, a market economy was already developing in China’s urban areas. The â€Å"invasion† of foreign capitalistic powers enhanced this change. However, the coming of outside influences did not result in the independent development of capitalism in China; rather it turned China into a semi-colonial semi-feudal state. This happened because Chinese industries were exposed too soon to the outside world, being insufficiently prepared and poorly equipped to compete in international or even domestic markets. Western capitalism greatly changed and influenced the Chinese economy as on one hand, the opening of China damaged the basis of China’s self-sufficient economy, the urban handicraft and rural homestead industries. But on the other hand, it greatly enhanced the development of China’s urban market economy. You read "Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China" in category "Papers" After China’s disastrous defeat in the Opium War, the Chinese realized that they were no longer the â€Å"Heavenly Middle Kingdom†. Having lost at the hands of the â€Å"barbarians†, Chinese intellectuals recognized that in order to deal with the strangers from the West, they must understand the Westerners and the place they came from. Before the Opium War, the Chinese concept of European countries was very vague and in some cases, even ridiculous. After the Opium War, China intellectually discovered the West as Western political ideas, social structures, and in some areas, new technologies were introduced. Western ideas of parliamentary democracy and capitalism were vaguely made known and international alliances became a concept. One of the writers, Wei Yuan, first proposed that in order to fight the West, China must learn from the West. Wei’s proposal received many positive responses as it was after all that China lost to the Westerner’s â€Å"strong ships and sharp weapons†. So, China for the first time established something on the equivalent of a foreign ministry which was mainly occupied with the study of Western technology, modernization of the Chinese army and the open of modern factories. The first factories opened were for the military, and specialized in the production of modern weapons and ships. The running of these factories did not depend on the profit it made, nor the demands of the market so money making was not a concern. This meant that administration techniques of managing a large commercial enterprise were not yet developed. Even so, seeing that Western enterprises made a profit, the Chinese government began to establish commercial enterprises. Immediately after the Opium War, Western merchants had not yet fully entered the Chinese market. The Manchu government, although short in profits, could still find enough funds to start new industries. The private sector also was quite wealthy. With the collapse of the feudalistic economy and the stimulations by Western capitalism, it was willing to invest in modern enterprises. At the same time, Western companies absorbed some Chinese capital. It could be said that shortly after the Opium War, Chinese capitalism had a good chance to develop. The Opium War exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system. The cost of the war and later the compensation all fell onto the shoulders of the farmers and civilians. The Manchu government could no longer protect, and govern its people and as China’s economy collapsed, poverty was wide spread, and insurrection sprang up all over the country. The Manchu government showed its weaknesses when it signed the Treaty of Nanjing without using all possible methods of resistance. The Opium War helped to discredit the Manchu government and encouraged popular movements. For many Chinese, the Treaty of Nanking was a signal that the Manchu dynasty was at its end – humiliated, weak and corrupt. A republican movement ran across the political landscape, stimulating nearly fifteen years of civil war. Seeing the social chaos and the weakening of the Manchu dynasty, Chinese intellectuals sought to make China strong. Unlike the government, the intellectuals believed that adapting Western technologies and industries was not enough and that China must undergo political changes as well. Chinese intellectuals began to study Western countries and at the same time, the Chinese government imported Western technologies and industries. They, like the officials, believed that the government should allow and protect the growth of capitalism and that the army must be modernized to fight Westerners on the battlefields. But most importantly, private enterprises should be formed without government interventions and companies must be created to compete in the market place. The intellectuals also proposed a parliamentary system as a new, more democratic political system. This proposal was the first attempt of private citizens to get involved in the government. The Opium war created an entire new level of crime and disorder in Southeast China. The British navy drove away the pirates along the coast and up into the Kwangtung-Kwangsi highlands. There, the pirates would periodically raid plentiful villages up the river. To add to this, former militiamen used their weapons for banditry. The Opium War had led the people of China to witness the destruction of their military and navy by the strongest military force at the time. It led to a greater understanding and appreciation for West, despite their hatred for it. This led many people to consider and try to understand Western doctrines and beliefs. Also some British missionaries, who had knowledge of China and the language, played in the embarrassment of the country to which they had come perceived with no object other than to preach Christianity. Thus for the first time instances of foreign religion was seen. The Opium War was also one of the many factors that led on the famous Taiping Rebellion. Directly after the war feuds between the Punti and Hakkas clans rose. The Hakka people were Chinese that came from the north and had immigrated to southern China. They were treated as ethnic minorities by the Punti’s who were the Cantonese natives. This led to competition between the two in farming and economy. In the 1850’s the feuds and wars between these two clans resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. The dislike towards the Hakkas eventually led them into following the Taiping Rebellion’s leader Hung Hsiu-chuan. Hung Hisu-chuan was the revolutionary leader who incorporated the Western ideals and beliefs of Christianity with classical Chinese themes. He believed himself to be the younger brother of Christ, and was sent on a mission to return Christianity to China. This belief was soon adopted by thousands of Hakkas alike, because of the loss of faith in the Ch’ing dynasty partially due to the defeat in the Opium War, it’s social and economic effects afterwards and the silver copper crisis. The movement to change and restore China with Christianity finally resulted in the Taiping rebellion against the Ch’ing dynasty. The Taiping rebellion lasted from 1851 to 1864, causing the loss of millions of lives. The Ch’ing dynasty’s power was questionable during this time because the rebellion lasted so many years. Finally, the Ch’ing dynasty managed to organize an new army to overthrow the Taipings. This new army and organizations was aided by Western countries who wanted the Ch’ing dynasty to continue. If the Ch’ing dynasty was overthrown it would end the unequal treaties with between China and the West. The Opium War resulted in the dramatic changes in China economically, socially and politically. It no doubt opened China’s doors to the outside world while changing China’s view and relationship with the Western world incredibly. The war shattered the idea that China was the ‘Heavenly Middle Kingdom’ as well as breaking China’s false sense of superiority over other nations. It resulted in a major change in the economy and the social relationship between the people of China and because of the Opium War, China was left with internal struggles and warfare, increased crime, an economy downfall in Canton and people without work or money. The Opium War led to the major influence of the Western cultures and belief in China, and the loss of power and control China had over Western nations. The unfair treaties that were created left China in weak position to the West, and opened China to Western influence which is still observed to this date. Bibliography: China, Opium Wars to Revolution by Michael Gibson. Wayland publishers, 1975 From Opium War to Liberation by Israel Epstein. New World Press, Beijing, 1956 The Chinese Opium Wars. by Jack Beeching. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975 The Inner Opium War by James Polachek M. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1992 The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes by Arthur Waley. George Allen and Unwin Ltd. , 1958 The Treaty of Nanking, signed on the 29th of August, 1842 How to cite Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China, Essays

The Declining Influence of America

Question: Discuss about the Declining Influence of America. Answer: For centuries now, the United States has maintained its stature as the world super power. The worlds biggest economy and democracy has passed the test of time and risen above the shackles of various challenges to remain an epitome of economic and political influence. Founded on the American dream, the vast nation has always mobilized its people and resources to build a nation in tandem with the dreams of its forefathers (Hacker, 2006). From the ashes of the cold war, the great emancipation, the challenge of Russia and most recently the threat of international terrorism, America have worked hard to brush aside these challenges and move forward. However, in the backdrop of the global financial crisis of 2008/09, America has experienced various economic and social challenges that have inevitably slowed down the momentum that had already been gained. These factors, coupled with the emerging threat of emerging economies like China and India, some experts agree that Americas grip on the world is declining faster than originally thought (Kynge, 2007). This decline is contributed by various factors within and outside America. The fundamental reason behind the projected decline of the American influence is competition from BRICS in which China is the major player (Wallerstein, 2003). The long-time influence that America enjoyed has partly been attributed to the international policies and financial muscle that has garnered them a huge following of countries from the developed and developing countries. However, the emergence of this bloc is being viewed as a game-changer and a move that could eventually loosen the American influence. It is estimated that by 2025, China would have closed the economic and military gap with the US owing to the present patterns. When the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China South Africa) convened in Ufa on July 2015, China offered $41 billion to solidify the reserve pools so as to escape the influence of the constraints occasioned by the unsteady American dollar. This initiated a series of activities that have culminated in China attracting more nations from the West and Africa who are warming up to the ties. Additionally, the Chinese terms are seen as a more favorable compared to Americas and as such, more nations are heading to china for business deals and in the process putting the strength of the American economy at stake. Secondly, the fading American influence will be catalyzed by the imminent political transition from Obama to Donald Trump. Despite the challenges that have persisted over the past decade, President Obama has steadied the ship at least to put off the escalation of the decline. However, as he leaves office, and with the likelihood of President-elect Donald Trump exercising a major shake-up in foreign policy, America is headed for uncertainty (Xinyu, 2016). The extreme declarations made by Trump have scared off potential partners who had been used to the friendly nature of the Obama policies. If the early signs are to go by, then America is likely to lose its status and other nation will inevitably take advantage. Part of this decline is likely to emanate from the stock markets, foreign partnership and internal investments. However, this factor is dependent on the legislations and implementation of the mooted policies that Trump is projected to introduce. The Inevitability of the American Decline The inevitability of the decline of America has drawn mixed reactions from across all quarters. Whereas most Americans and especially political figures hold to the belief that Americas competitors are way apart behind, Russia and China are optimistic that they are catching up with the elite. Looking at the pattern through different perspectives, it is highly likely that America will be overtaken in the near future. Whereas America has conventionally shaken off potential competition, this time round the signs are not that good. One reason why the fall is inevitable is the shrinking gap between America and the East. There is a growing belief that the economic and political dynamics are shifting to the detriment of America. For instance, Middle East and Eastern countries are experiencing tremendous growth thanks to the oil money and natural resource reserves in countries like Turkey and Iran. In this context, countries are likely to embrace self-sufficiency and the practice of internal regulation in a bid to break away from the bondage of America. Most of the influence that the US has enjoyed over years has been their ability to fund economies through grants and aids. Therefore, when the countries finally gain a strong foot and be able to stand alone, it is inevitable that the American grip will be reduced. The same sentiments regarding the inevitable waning of American influence is shared by many people who have traced the American journey from the turn of the millennium. The 20th Century was optimistically labelled as the American Century. According to BBC New York correspondent, Nick Bryant, the fortunes of America have drastically taken a turn for the worst. He observes that the status that America enjoyed over the years especially in the political scene, the disputed presidential election in 2000 was a step backwards that ushered in the questioning of the tag of political powerhouse (BBC NEWS, 2015). The election according to Bryant was an indication of the shifting dynamics and the infiltration of the American political structures. This was followed up by the recent allegations of the Russian intervention in the just concluded election in the favor of eventual winner Donald Trump. Whereas the previous elections have been closely contested, the recent developments are an indication of a system and a nation that is slowly feeling the effects of dwindling fortunes. The same report also indicates that even Americans themselves are losing hope with only 15% of medium aged Americans believing that America is the greatest nation on earth (BBC NEWS, 2015). The American economy has not been growing in impressive margins to dispel any fear of decline. Although it is the largest economy in the globe, the economy has not been showing any signs of improvement in relation to the burdens that it has to shoulder (Glosny, 2010). The state of the economy has been put into question as the nation pumped billions into the war on terror. This caused public outcry as the number of unemployed Americans rose in the following periods. Soon came the collapse of giant companies like the Lehman Brothers further causing more economic harm (Walt, 2006). The economic environment had quickly changed. Soon companies started effecting massive lay-offs. Although the Obama administration worked hard to restore parity, the entry of Donald Trump complicates matters. His economic policies in taxation are expected to bring even more economic heartache and thus reduce their influence on the world. Chinese and Indian Challenge With the American influence assumingly under serious trouble, the question remains which among the potential nations that pose the greatest challenge. India and China have been touted as imminent challengers (Subramanian, 2011). However, it is important to evaluate this perception and ascertain whether this statement is true indeed. Owing to several factors that have been fronted by those who argue in favor of this idea, it is imperative that India and China provide a formidable threat to America. Firstly, India and China have enjoyed a low key profile in terms of world politics with much of the resources directed at building the economy. Although India had previously been embroiled in a tussle with Pakistan over the Gujarati territory, the recent years have been marked by peace and prosperity. China on the other hand has avoided flexing its military muscle and in the process creating less adversaries. In contrast, America is spending substantive amounts of money in fighting terror. To make matters worse, the number of enemies that the nation has to deal with is increasing by day. Even the recent killings associated with race have tainted the image of the US and exposed the flaws that exist within its borders. Secondly, China and India under the umbrella of BRICS are targeting countries in the developing world where the American influence is waning (Engardio, 2007). Most nations have come to the realization that they can do without America by going East. This is typically true for most African countries that have held reservations over perceived interference of America in internal processes. As a result, China and India have been considered as alternatives because of their perceived neutrality and friendly terms (Beckley, 2011). The recent withdrawal of Britain from the EU further puts America in a tight corner, with emerging economies likely to take full advantage. China and India are buoyed by emerging industries especially in the motor market. Although the two nations harbor the worlds largest and second largest populations respectively, this has worked to their benefit with industries sufficiently supplied with labor to manufacture huge fleets of exports to all corners of the world (Ha lper, 2010). Thirdly, India and China have grown democratically while America has experienced difficult times politically. As a superpower, America is enviable in all spheres. However, the recent happenings have exposed the weakness and thus the long-time stability remains in doubt. These factors open up the way for other countries to take advantage (Haass, 2008). Notably, India and China are better placed to seize control especially in the Asia-Pacific region where a majority of the nations have long been skeptical of the American gesture (Armijo Roberts, 2014). India has evolved democratically and so has China. The end result is a region that will look upon the two giant nations for political and economic gains. Consequently, America will be deprived of one of their grounds. References Wing, I. S. (2008). Explaining the declining energy intensity of the US economy.Resource and Energy Economics,30(1), 21-49. Walt, S. M. (2006).Taming American power: the global response to US primacy. WW Norton Company. Haass, R. N. (2008). The age of nonpolarity: what will follow US dominance.Foreign Affairs, 44-56 Glosny, M. A. (2010). China and the BRICs: A real (but limited) partnership in a unipolar world.Polity,42(1), 100-129. Halper, S. (2010).The Beijing consensus: how China's authoritarian model will dominate the twenty-first century. ReadHowYouWant. com. Armijo, L. E., Roberts, C. (2014). The emerging powers and global governance: why the BRICS matter.Handbook of emerging economies, 503-520. Beckley, M. (2011). China's century? Why America's edge will endure. Subramanian, A. (2011). Inevitable Superpower: Why China's Dominance is a Sure Thing, The.Foreign Aff.,90, 66. Hacker, J. S. (2006).The great risk shift: The new economic insecurity and the decline of the American dream. oxford University press. Wallerstein, I. (2003).The decline of American power: The US in a chaotic world. New Press. Kynge, J. (2007).China Shakes the World: A Titan's Rise and Troubled Future--and the Challenge for America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Engardio, P. (2007).CHINDIA: How China and India are revolutionizing global business. McGraw-Hill Professional. Xinyu, M. (2016). The Trump Effect.Beijing Review,27, 012. BBC NEWS (2015) Retrieved from, bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33440287